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The cadmium-phosphate relationship in brine: biological versus physical control over micronutrients in sea ice environments

Part of: Antarctic Science International Bursary collection: Geosciences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 September 2009

Katharine R. Hendry ,
Rosalind E.M. Rickaby ,
Jan C.M. de Hoog ,
Keith Weston  and
Mark Rehkamper
Katharine R. Hendry*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR, UK
Rosalind E.M. Rickaby
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR, UK
Jan C.M. de Hoog
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR, UK
Keith Weston
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Global Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
Mark Rehkamper
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
*
*kathh@earth.ox.ac.uk
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Abstract

Despite supporting productive ecosystems in the high latitudes, the relationship between macro- and micronutrients in sea ice environments and their impact on surface productivity is poorly documented. In seawater, the macronutrient phosphate and the micronutrient cadmium follow similar distributions, which are controlled by biological processes in surface waters. We investigated cadmium and phosphate in sea ice brine, and the biological and physical processes controlling their distribution. Cadmium concentrations in sea ice brine ranged from 0.09–2.4 nmol kg-1, and correlated well with salinity. Our results show that micronutrients in sea ice are most probably sourced from the seawater from which it froze rather than external sources such as atmospheric deposition. The weak correlation between sea ice cadmium and phosphate, and the positive relationship between cadmium and biomass, suggests against biological uptake being a principal control over micronutrient distribution even in a highly productive setting. Instead, brine expulsion and dilution play a dominant role in cadmium distribution in sea ice. Nutrient dilution within brine channels during melting, and contrasting sea ice and open water phytoplankton populations, suggests that late spring sea ice is not a significant source of nutrients or biomass to seawater. We suggest that future changes in sea ice seasonality may impact nutrient distribution and Antarctic marine ecosystems.

Keywords

Antarctica coastal watersbiogeochemistrynutrientstrace elements
Type
Biological Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 22 , Issue 1 , February 2010 , pp. 11 - 18
Copyright
Copyright © Antarctic Science Ltd 2009

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