Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-5xszh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T14:01:02.052Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A revision of the genus Strongylodesma Lévi (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of four new species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2009

Toufiek Samaai*
Affiliation:
Marine and Coastal Management, Ecosystem Utilisation and Conservation, P/B X2, Roggebaai, 8012, South Africa
Mark J. Gibbons
Affiliation:
Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, PO Box X17, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
Michelle Kelly
Affiliation:
National Centre for Aquatic Biodiversity and Biosecurity, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited, Private Bag 109 695, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand
*
Correspondance should be addressed to: T. Samaai, Marine and Coastal Management, Ecosystem Utilisation and Conservation, Private Bag X 2, Roggebaai 8012, Cape Town, South Africa email: tsamaai@deat.gov.za

Abstract

The sponge genus Strongylodesma is reviewed and redefined, and now accommodates eight closely related species. The type species of Strongylodesma Lévi is redescribed and an additional two new species are described from the Indo-Pacific: S. novaecaledoniae sp. nov. and S. tongaensis sp. nov. Several specimens previously identified as species of Batzella (Poecilosclerida: Chondropsidae) have been re-assigned to Strongylodesma, as the new species S. purpureus sp. nov. and S. nigra sp. nov. With the description here of new species from the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Atlantic, the biogeographical distribution of Strongylodesma now appears to be generally tropical with a subtropical South African component, whereas previously it was only known from South Africa. Although species of Strongylodesma have not previously been recorded from the intermediate locations (Western Indian Ocean, South-east Asia, central west Pacific, and New Zealand), re-evaluation here will facilitate more readily the recognition of taxa in these intermediate regions, if they exist, in the future. The species are not widespread, except perhaps along the south-east coast of South Africa, and where they occur they are not abundant. Species occur over a wide depth range, from the intertidal in Tsitsikamma, South Africa, to 140 m in the Caribbean.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Antunes, E.M., Beukes, D.R., Kelly, M., Samaai, T., Barrows, L.M., Marshall, K.M., Sincich, C. and Davies-Coleman, M.T. (2004) Pyrroloiminoquinones from four South African latrunculid sponges. Journal of Natural Products 67, 12681276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antunes, E.M., Copp, B.R., Davies-Coleman, M. and Samaai, T. (2005) Pyrroloiminoquinone and related metabolites from Marine sponges. Natural Products Report 22, 6272.Google Scholar
Bergquist, P.R. (1965) The sponges of Micronesia, Part 1. The Palau Archipelago. Pacific Sciences 19(2), 123204.Google Scholar
Bergquist, P.R. (1968) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae. Part 1 (Tetractinomorpha and Lithistida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoirs 37, 1100.Google Scholar
Bergquist, P.R. and Fromont, J.P. (1988) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae. Part 4 (Poecilosclerida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoirs 96, 1197.Google Scholar
Carney, J.R., Scheuer, P.J. and Kelly-Borges, M. (1993) Makaluvamine G, a cytotoxic pigment from an Indonesian sponge Histodermella sp. Tetrahedron 49, 84838486.Google Scholar
Cheng, J., Ohizuma, Y., Walchli, M.R., Nakamura, H., Hirata, Y., Sasaki, T. and Kobayashi, J. (1988) Prianosins B, C and D, novel sulfur-containing alkaloids with potent antineoplastic activity from the Okinawan sponge Prianos melanosv. Journal of Organic Chemistry 53, 46214624.Google Scholar
Colin, P.L. and Arneson, C. (1995) Tropical Pacific invertebrates. A field guide to marine invertebrates occurring on tropical Pacific Coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves. Irvine, USA: Coral Reef Press, pp. 296.Google Scholar
Fu, X., Ng, P.L., Schmitz, F.J., Hossain, M.B., Van der Helm, D. and Kelly-Borges, M. (1996) Makaluvic acids A and B: novel alkaloids from the marine sponge Zyzzya fuliginosus. Journal of Natural Products 59, 11041105.Google Scholar
Gunasekera, S.P., McCarthy, P.J., Longley, R.S., Pomponi, S.A., Wright, A.E., Lobkovsky, E. and Clardy, J. (1999) Discorhadbin P, a new enzyme inhibitor from a deep-water Caribbean sponge of the genus Batzella. Journal of Natural Products 62, 173175.Google Scholar
Gunasekera, S.P., Zuleta, I.A., Longley, R.E., Wright, A.E. and Pomponi, S.A. (2003) Discorhabdins S, T, and U, new cytotoxic pyrroloiminoquinones from a deep-water Caribbean sponge of the genus Batzella. Journal of Natural Products 66, 16151617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooper, J.N.A. and Lévi, C. (1993) Axinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the New Caledonia Lagoon. Invertebrate Taxonomy 7, 1395–472.Google Scholar
Hooper, J.N.A. and Battershill, C.N. (1998) Order Poecilosclerida. In Lévi, C. (ed.) Sponges of the New Caledonia lagoon. Paris: ORSTOM, collection Faune et Flore Tropicales, Volume 33, pp. 1214.Google Scholar
Hooper, J.N.A. and Wiedenmayer, F. (1994) Porifera. In Wells, A. (ed.) Zoological catalogue of Australia. Volume 12. Melbourne: CSIRO Australia, xiii, pp. 1621.Google Scholar
Hooper, J.N.A., Kelly, M. and Kennedy, J.A. (2000) A new Clathria (Porifera: Demospongiae: Microcionidae) from the Western Indian Ocean. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 42, 427444.Google Scholar
Hoshino, T. (1981) Shallow-water Demosponges of Western Japan. 2. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (B) 29, 207289.Google Scholar
Kelly-Borges, M. and Bergquist, P.R. (1988) Sponges from Motupore Island, Papua New Guinea. Indo-Malayan Zoology 5, 121159.Google Scholar
Kelly-Borges, M. and Valentine, C. (1995) The sponges of tropical island region of Oceania: a taxonomic status review. In Maragos, J.E., Peterson, M.N.A., Eldredge, L.G., Bardach, J.E. and Takeuchi, H.F. (eds) Marine and coastal biodiversity in the Tropical Island Pacific Region. Volume 1—species systematics and information management priorities. Chapter 6. Program on environment. Honolulu, Hawai: East–West Center.Google Scholar
Kelly, M. (1997) Porifera. Sponges. In Richmond, M.D. (ed.) A guide to the seashores of Eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean Islands. Sweden: Sida, Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC. Ord & Vetande AB: Sweden, pp. 106117.Google Scholar
Kelly, M. (2000) Distribution of the pyrroloquinolines. In Urban, S., Hickford, S.J.H., Blunt, J.W. and Munro, M.H.G. (eds.) Bioactive marine alkaloids. Current Organic Chemistry 4, 765807.Google Scholar
Kelly, M. and Somaai, T. (2001) Family Podospongiidae. In Hooper, J.N. and Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A guide to the supra specific classification of sponges. Volume 1. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 694–202.Google Scholar
Keyzers, R.A., Samaai, T. and Davies-Coleman, M.T. (2004) Novel pyrroloquinoline ribosides from the South African latrunculid sponge Strongylodesma aliwaliensis. Tetrahedron Letters 45, 94159418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kobayashi, J., Cheng, J.F., Isibashi, M., Nakamura, H., Ohizuma, Y., Hirata, Y., Sasaki, T., Lu, H. and Clardy, J. (1987) Prianosin A, a novel antileukemic alkaloid from the Okinawan sponge Prianos melanos. Tetrahedron Letters 28, 49394942.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, J., Cheng, J.F., Yamamura, S. and Isibashi, M. (1991) Revised structures of prianosins C and D, antineoplastic alkaloids from the Okinawan marine sponge Prianos melanos. Tetrahedron Letters 32, 12271228.Google Scholar
Laubenfels, M.W.de. (1954) The sponges of the West Central Pacific. Oregon State College Monographs—Studies in Zoology 7, 1320.Google Scholar
Lévi, C. (1964) Spongiaires du canal de Mozambique. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle série 2 36, 384395.Google Scholar
Lévi, C. (1969) Spongiaires du Vema Seamount (Atlantique Sud). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, série 2 41, 952973.Google Scholar
Lévi, C. (1998) (ed.) Sponges of the New Caledonian lagoon. Paris: ORSTOM, collection Faune et Flore Tropicales, Volume 33, pp. 1214.Google Scholar
Lill, R.E., Major, D.A., Blunt, J.W. and Munro, M.H.G. (1995) Studies on the biosysnthesis of discorhabdin B in the New Zealand sponge Latrunculia sp. B. Journal of Natural Products 58, 306311.Google Scholar
Perry, N.B., Blunt, J.W. and Munro, H.M.G. (1988a) Cytotoxic pigments from New Zealand sponges of the genus Latrunculia: discorhabdins A, B and C. Tetrahedron 44, 17271734.Google Scholar
Perry, N.B., Blunt, J.W., Munro, H.M.G., Higa, T. and Sakai, R. (1988b) Discorhaddin D, an antitumour alkaloid from the sponges Latrunculia and Prianos sp. Journal of Organic Chemistry 53, 41274128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1993) A collection of marine sponges from East Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale G Doria 89, 247350.Google Scholar
Sakemi, S., Sun, H.H., Jefford, C.W. and Bernardinell, G. (1989) Batzellines A, B and C. Novel pyrroloquilonine alkaloids from the sponge Batzella sp. Tetrahedron Letters 30, 25172520.Google Scholar
Samaai, T. (2002) Systematics of the Family Latrunculiidae Topsent (Porifera: Demospongiae) and consideration of the diversity and biogeography of shallow-water sponges of western South Africa. Volume 2. PhD thesis. University of the Western Cape, unpublished.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samaai, T. and Kelly, M. (2002) Family Latrunculiidae. In Hooper, J.N.A. and Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A guide to the supraspecific classification of sponges. Volume 1. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 708719.Google Scholar
Samaai, T., Gibbons, M.J., Kelly, M. and Davies-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Lévi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371, 126.Google Scholar
Samaai, T., Keyzers, R. and Davies-Coleman, M. (2004) A new species of Strongylodesma Lévi, 1969 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Latrunculina, Latrunculiidae) from Aliwal Shoal on the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa 584, 111.Google Scholar
Samaai, T. and Gibbons, M. (2005) Demospongiae taxonomy and biodiversity of the Benguela region on the west coast of South Africa. African Natural History 1, 196.Google Scholar
Samaai, T., Gibbons, M.J. and Kelly, M. (2006) Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 (Porifera: Demospongiae; latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northern pacific. Zootaxa 1127, 171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soest, R.W.M. Van. (1984) Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. In Hummelinck, P.W. and Van der Steen, L.J. (eds) Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 112. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Localities 66, 1167.Google Scholar
Soest, R.W.M. Van. (1994) Sponges of the Seychelles. In van der Land, J. (ed) Oceanic reefs of the Seychelles: report on a cruise of RV Tyro to the Seychelles in 1992 and 1993. Leiden: Museum of Natural History, Leiden, pp. 6574.Google Scholar
Soest, R.W.M. Van. (2002) Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. In Hooper, J.N.A. and Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A guide to the supraspecific classification of sponges. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 521527.Google Scholar
Soest, R.W.M. Van., Braekman, J.C., Faulkner, D.J., Hajdu, E., Harper, M.K. and Vacelet, J. (1996) The genus Batzella: a chemosystematic problem. Bulletin de l'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelle de Belgique 66, 89101.Google Scholar
Stierle, D.B. and Faulkner, D.J. (1991) Two new pyrroloquinoline alkaloids from the sponge Damiria spec. Journal of Natural Products 54, 11311133.Google Scholar
Sun, H.H., Sakemi, S., Burres, N. and McCarthy, P. (1990) Isobatzellins A, B, C and D. Cytotoxic and antifungal pyrroloquilonine alkaloids from the marine sponge Batzella sp. Journal of Organic Chemistry 55, 49644966.Google Scholar
de. Weerdt, W. (2002) Family Chalinidae Gray, 1886. In Hooper, J.N.A. and Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A guide to the supraspecific classification of sponges. Volume 1. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 852873.Google Scholar