Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T06:27:27.625Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Transcendental Arguments and Idealism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 January 2010

Extract

‘Metaphysics’, said Bradley, ‘is the finding of bad reasons for what we believe on instinct, but to find these reasons is no less an instinct.’ This idea that reasoning is both instinctive and feeble is reminiscent of Hume; except that reasons in Hume tend to serve as the solvent rather than the support of instinctive beliefs. Instinct leads us to play backgammon with other individuals whom we assume inhabit a world which exists independently of our own perception and which will continue to exist tomorrow in a similar fashion to today. However, when instinct leads us also to reason about these beliefs they are all subject to sceptical attack. Their defence provides a challenge, a challenge which in thumbnail histories of the subject is met by Kant. He does this by use of a powerful new form of argument which he calls transcendental argument and which, in my opinion, provides not only reasons but also good reasons for the defence of some of our most central instinctive beliefs. The strategy involved in this kind of argument is to reflect on the necessary preconditions for comprehensible experience. In this way, some beliefs which are subject to sceptical attack, such as that there is a causal order between objects which exist independently of our experience of them, can be found to be the essential preconditions for having comprehensible experience at all. The reason for accepting them is, therefore, that they are the necessary preconditions of having any beliefs at all; and this provides a good, rather than a bad, reason for accepting these particular instinctive beliefs.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Philosophy and the contributors 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bennett, Jonathan, Kant's Dialectic (Cambridge University Press, 1974).Google Scholar
Broad, C. D., Kant, An Introduction, Lewy, C. (ed.) (Cambridge University Press, 1978).Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Pure Reason, translated by Smith, Norman Kemp (London: Macmillan, 1933).Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel, Selected Pre-Critical Writings, translated by Kerferd, G. B. and Walford, D. E. (Manchester University Press, 1968).Google Scholar
Strawson, P. F., The Bounds of Sense (London: Methuen, 1966).Google Scholar
Strawson, P. F., Individuals (London: Methuen, 1959).Google Scholar
Walker, Ralph C. S., Kant (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978).Google Scholar
Bradley, 's aphorism is in his Aphorisms, and repeated on page x of Appearance and Reality (Oxford University Press, 1930).Google Scholar