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Phylogeny of the cetrarioid core (Parmeliaceae) based on five genetic markers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2009

Arne THELL ,
Filip HÖGNABBA ,
John A. ELIX ,
Tassilo FEUERER ,
Ingvar KÄRNEFELT ,
Leena MYLLYS ,
Tiina RANDLANE ,
Andres SAAG ,
Soili STENROOS  and
Teuvo AHTI
...Show all authors
Arne THELL
Affiliation:
The Biological Museums, Lund University, Östra Vallgatan 18-20, SE-223 61 Lund, Sweden. Email: arne.thell@botmus.lu.se
Filip HÖGNABBA
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-000 14University of Helsinki, Finland.
John A. ELIX
Affiliation:
Research School of Chemistry, Building 33, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Tassilo FEUERER
Affiliation:
Hamburg Univesity, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Department of Botany and Botanical Garden, Ohnhorststrasse 18, D-22609Germany.
Ingvar KÄRNEFELT
Affiliation:
The Biological Museums, Lund University, Östra Vallgatan 18-20, SE-223 61 Lund, Sweden. Email: arne.thell@botmus.lu.se
Leena MYLLYS
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-000 14University of Helsinki, Finland.
Tiina RANDLANE
Affiliation:
Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai Street 38, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.
Andres SAAG
Affiliation:
Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai Street 38, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.
Soili STENROOS
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-000 14University of Helsinki, Finland.
Teuvo AHTI
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-000 14University of Helsinki, Finland.
Mark R. D. SEAWARD
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeological, Geographical & Environmental Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
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Abstract

Fourteen genera belong to a monophyletic core of cetrarioid lichens, Ahtiana, Allocetraria, Arctocetraria, Cetraria, Cetrariella, Cetreliopsis, Flavocetraria, Kaernefeltia, Masonhalea, Nephromopsis, Tuckermanella, Tuckermannopsis, Usnocetraria and Vulpicida. A total of 71 samples representing 65 species (of 90 worldwide) and all type species of the genera are included in phylogentic analyses based on a complete ITS matrix and incomplete sets of group I intron, β-tubulin, GAPDH and mtSSU sequences. Eleven of the species included in the study are analysed phylogenetically for the first time, and of the 178 sequences, 67 are newly constructed. Two phylogenetic trees, one based solely on the complete ITS-matrix and a second based on total information, are similar, but not entirely identical. About half of the species are gathered in a strongly supported clade composed of the genera Allocetraria, Cetraria s. str., Cetrariella and Vulpicida. Arctocetraria, Cetreliopsis, Kaernefeltia and Tuckermanella are monophyletic genera, whereas Cetraria, Flavocetraria and Tuckermannopsis are polyphyletic. The taxonomy in current use is compared with the phylogenetic results, and future, probable or potential adjustments to the phylogeny are discussed. The single non-DNA character with a strong correlation to phylogeny based on DNA-sequences is conidial shape. The secondary chemistry of the poorly known species Cetraria annae is analyzed for the first time; the cortex contains usnic acid and atranorin, whereas isonephrosterinic, nephrosterinic, lichesterinic, protolichesterinic and squamatic acids occur in the medulla. Notes on the anatomy of Cetraria annae and Flavocetraria minuscula are also provided.

Keywords

Cetraria s. lat.conidial shapeDNA sequenceslichen phylogenytaxonomy
Type
Research Article
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 41 , Issue 5 , September 2009 , pp. 489 - 511
Copyright
Copyright © British Lichen Society 2009

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