Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-24hb2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T22:25:22.077Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Immunization of calves against the microfilariae of Onchocerca lienalis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2009

Simon Townson
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Winches Farm Field Station, 395 Hatfield Road, St Albans, Herts AL4 OXQ, England
A. E. Bianco
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Winches Farm Field Station, 395 Hatfield Road, St Albans, Herts AL4 OXQ, England

Abstract

Three Jersey bull calves were immunized by subcutaneous injections of sonicated Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae suspended in phosphate buffered saline, and three control animals were injected with medium only. All calves received booster injections 27 days later, and were challenged with live microfilariae 44 days after the booster. Following challenge, only the immunized animals developed an elevated level of circulating eosinophils. When necropsied ten days after challenge there was a 97% reduction in recoveries of microfilariae from immunized animals compared to challenge controls. In human onchocerciasis it is the microfilariae which are the principal cause of pathology, and we believe that studies on O. lienalis in both the natural bovine host and in inbred rodents provide a promising model to investigate immunity to Onchocerca microfilariae.

Type
Research Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ah, H. S., Peckham, J. C., Mitchell, F. E. & Thompson, P. E. (1972) Studies on Dirofilaria immitis in dogs relative to immunization and antigen-antibody interactions. In: Canine Heartworm Disease. The Current Knowledge. Bradley, R. E. & Pacheco, G. (Editors). University of Florida Press.Google Scholar
Bain, O., Petit, G. & Poulain, B. (1978) Validité des deux espèces Onchocerca lienalis et O. gutturosa, chez les Bovins. Annales de Parasitoligie humaine et comparée, 53, 421430.Google Scholar
Bianco, A. E., Ham, P., El Sinnary, K. & Nelson, G. S. (1980) Large scale recovery of Onchocerca microfilariae from naturally infected cattle and horses. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74, 109.Google Scholar
Brinkmann, U. K., Kramer, P., Presthus, G. T. & Sawadogo, B. (1976) Transmission in utero of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 54, 708709.Google ScholarPubMed
Butterworth, A. E. (1980) Eosinophils and immunity to parasites. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74 (Supplement), 3843.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denham, D. A. & McGreevy, P. B. (1977) Brugian filariasis: epidemiological and experimental studies. In: Advances in Parasitology, 15, 244296. Dawes, B. (Editor). Academic Press, London.Google ScholarPubMed
Grove, D. I., Davis, R. S. & Warren, K. (1979) Brugia malayi microfilaraemia in mice: a model for the study of the host response to microfilariae. Parasitology, 79, 303316.Google Scholar
Haas, B. & Wenk, P. (1981) Elimination of microfilariae (Litomosoides carinii Filaroidea) in the patent and the immunized cotton-rat. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75, 143144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haque, A., Lefebvre, M. N., Ogilvie, B. M. & Capron, A. (1978) Dipetalonema viteae in hamsters: effect of antisera or immunization with parasite extracts on production of microfilariae. Parasitology, 76, 6175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haque, A., Joseph, M., Ouaissi, M. A., Capron, M. & Capron, A. (1980) IgE antibody-mediated cytotoxicity of rat macrophages against microfilariae of Dipetalonema viteae in vitro. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 40, 487495.Google ScholarPubMed
Mackenzie, C. D. (1980) Eosinophil leucocytes in filarial infections. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74, (Supplement), 5158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehta, K., Sindu, R. K., Subrahmanyam, D. & Nelson, D. S. (1980) IgE-dependent adherence and cytotoxicity of rat spleen and peritoneal cells to Litomosoides carinii microfilariae. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 41, 107114.Google Scholar
Muller, R. (1979) The identification of Onchocerca. In: Problems in the Identification of Parasites and their Vectors, pp. 175206. 17th Symposium for the British Society of Parasitology Taylor, A. E. R. & Muller, R. (Editors), Blackwells, Oxford.Google Scholar
Nelson, G. S. (1970) Onchocerciasis. In: Advances in Parasitology, 8, 173224. Dawes, B. (Editor). Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Neva, F. A., Kaplan, A. P., Pacheco, G., Gray, L. & Danaraj, T. J. (1975) Tropical eosinophilia. A human model of parasite immunopathology, with observations on serum IgE levels before and after treatment. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 55, 422429.Google Scholar
Neva, F. A., & Ottessen, E. A. (1978) Tropical (Filarial) Eosinophilia. New England Journal of Medicine, 298, 1132.Google Scholar
Ponnudurai, T., Denham, D. A., Nelson, G. S. & Rogers, R. (1974) Studies with Brugia pahangi 4. Antibodies against adult and microfilarial stages. Journal of Helminthology, 48, 107111.Google Scholar
Storey, D. M. & Mettias, E. F. (1980) Suppression of microfilaraemia in Litomosoides carinii infections in cotton rats by vaccination with adult worm homogenate. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 74, 211218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tanner, M. & Weiss, N. (1979) Studies on Dipetalonema viteae (Filaroidea) 4. Passive transfer of immunity to circulating microfilariae by spleen cells. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 30, 371375.Google Scholar
Townson, S. & Bianco, A. E. (in press) The experimental infection of mice with microfilariae of Onchocerca lienalis. Parasitology.Google Scholar
Weiss, N. (1970) Parasitologische und immunobiologische Untersuchen über die durch Dipetalonema viteae erzeugte Nagetierfilariose. Acta Tropica, 27, 219259.Google Scholar
Weiss, N. & Tanner, M. (1979) Studies on Dipetalonema vitiae 3. Antibody dependent cell mediated destruction of microfilariae in vivo. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 30, 7380.Google Scholar
Wong, M. M. (1964) Studies on microfilaraemia in dogs. II. Levels of microfilaraemia in relation to immunologic response of the host. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 13, 6677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, M. M., Suter, P. F., Rhode, E. A. & Guest, M. F. (1973) Dirofilariasis without circulating microfilariae: a problem in diagnosis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 162, 133139.Google Scholar
Zielke, E. (1980) On the longevity and behaviour of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis transfused to laboratory rodents. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74, 456458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed