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INFLUENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ON RICE YIELD AND NITROGEN AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH DIFFERENT N APPLICATION RATES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2009

LIMEI ZHAO ,
LIANGHUAN WU ,
YONGSHAN LI ,
XINGHUA LU ,
DEFENG ZHU  and
NORMAN UPHOFF
LIMEI ZHAO
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, the Ministry of Education of China, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019, China
LIANGHUAN WU*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, the Ministry of Education of China, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
YONGSHAN LI
Affiliation:
Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuncheng 044000, China
XINGHUA LU
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, the Ministry of Education of China, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
DEFENG ZHU
Affiliation:
China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
NORMAN UPHOFF
Affiliation:
Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
*
§Corresponding author: finm@zju.edu.cn
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Summary

Field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the impacts of alternative rice cultivation systems on grain yield, water productivity, N uptake and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared the practices used with the system of rice intensification (SRI) and traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1) and of N rates interacting with the cultivation system were also evaluated. Resulting grain yields with SRI ranged from 5.6 to 7.3 t ha−1, and from 4.1 to 6.4 t ha−1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 21% higher in 2005 and 22% higher in 2006 than with TF. Compared with TF, SRI plots had higher harvest index across four fertilizer N rates in both years. However, there was no significance difference in above-ground biomass between two cultivation systems in either year. ANUE was increased significantly under SRI at 80 kg N ha−1 compared with TF, while at higher N application rates, ANUE with SRI was significantly lower than TF. Compared with TF, PFP under SRI was higher across all four N rates in both years, although the difference at 240 kg N ha−1 was not significant. As N rate increased, the ANUE and PFP under both SRI and TF significantly decreased. Reduction in irrigation water use with SRI was 40% in 2005 and 47% in 2006, and water use efficiency, both total and from irrigation, were significantly increased compared to TF. With both SRI and TF, the highest N application was associated with decreases in grain yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency. This is an important finding given current debates whether N application rates in China are above the optimum, especially considering consequences for soil and water resources. Cultivation system, N rates and their interactions all produced significant differences in this study. Results confirmed that optimizing fertilizer N application rates under SRI is important to increase yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 45 , Issue 3 , July 2009 , pp. 275 - 286
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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