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fMRI changes over time and reproducibility in unmedicated subjects at high genetic risk of schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2008

H. C. Whalley ,
V.-E. Gountouna ,
J. Hall ,
A. M. McIntosh ,
E. Simonotto ,
D. E. Job ,
D. G. C. Owens ,
E. C. Johnstone  and
S. M. Lawrie
H. C. Whalley*
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
V.-E. Gountouna
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
J. Hall
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
A. M. McIntosh
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
E. Simonotto
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
D. E. Job
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
D. G. C. Owens
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
E. C. Johnstone
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
S. M. Lawrie
Affiliation:
Division of Psychiatry, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: H. C. Whalley, Ph.D., Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK. (Email: hwhalley@staffmail.ed.ac.uk)
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Abstract

Background

Functional brain abnormalities have been repeatedly demonstrated in schizophrenia but there is little data concerning their progression. For such studies to have credibility it is first important to establish the reproducibility of functional imaging techniques. The current study aimed to examine these factors in healthy controls and in unmedicated subjects at high genetic risk of the disorder: (i) to examine the reproducibility of task-related activation patterns, (ii) to determine if there were any progressive functional changes in high-risk subjects versus controls reflecting inheritance of the schizophrenic trait, and (iii) to examine changes over time in relation to fluctuating positive psychotic symptoms (i.e. state effects).

Method

Subjects were scanned performing the Hayling sentence completion test on two occasions 18 months apart. Changes in activation were examined in controls and high-risk subjects (n=16, n=63). Reproducibility was assessed for controls and high-risk subjects who remained asymptomatic at both time points (n=16, n=32).

Results

Intra-class correlation values indicated good agreement between scanning sessions. No significant differences over time were seen between the high-risk and control group; however, comparison of high-risk subjects who developed symptoms versus those who remained asymptomatic revealed activation increases in the left middle temporal gyrus (p=0.026).

Conclusions

The current results suggest that functional changes over time occur in the lateral temporal cortex as high genetic risk subjects become symptomatic, further, they indicate the usefulness of functional imaging tools for investigating progressive changes associated with state and trait effects in schizophrenia.

Keywords

fMRIlongitudinalschizophrenia
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 39 , Issue 7 , July 2009 , pp. 1189 - 1199
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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