Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-5xszh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T21:33:29.425Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The sector principle in law and practice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

Extract

Though the history of polar exploration stretches over many centuries, it is only in very recent (or one might say contemporary) times that a serious interest has been shown on the part of states in the advancement of territorial claims in these perpetually frozen regions of the earth. Reasons for this new development are not difficult to find, and may, very largely, be explained in terms of economic and strategic considerations. The rapidly growing population of the world;† the pressing desire everywhere for a higher standard of living; the technological advancement in transportation and communication; new geographic conceptions, and a modern strategy of military operations are all factors which help to clarify this phenomenon. As a result of these and many other recent developments, which we shall not attempt to catalogue here, it is not unreasonable to assume that the polar regions will in the future become more rather than less important in world affairs.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1960

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Svarlien, Oscar. An introduction to the law of nations, 1955, p. 169.Google Scholar
2Permanent Court of International Justice, Series A/B, No. 53. M. O. Hudson. World Court Reports, Vol. 3, p. 81, 146. L. Preuss. The dispute between Denmark and Norway over the sovereignty of east Greenland. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 27, 1932, p. 469. C. C. Hyde. The case concerning the legal status of Greenland. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 27, 1933, p. 732.Google Scholar
3Hyde, C. C.. International law chiefly as interpreted and applied by the United States, Boston, 1945, Vol. 1, p. 347.Google Scholar
4Lakhtin, V. L.. Retten till de Norlige Polaromrader, 1928, p. 18, 19. and Rights over the Arctic. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, 1930, p. 704. C. C. Hyde. International Law chiefly as interpreted and applied by the United States, Boston, 1945, Vol. 1, p. 348.Google Scholar
5Iowa Law Review, Vol. 19, 1934, p. 293–94.Google Scholar
6Permanent Court of International Justice, Series A/B, No. 53.Google Scholar
7Smedal, G.. Acquisition of sovereignty over polar areas. Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet, No. 36, 1931.Google Scholar
8-10Debates of the Senate of the Dominion of Canada, 19061907, 10th Parliament, 3rd Session, 1907, p. 266–71.Google Scholar
11Hackworth, G. H.. Digest of International Law, Vol. 1, 1940, p. 463.Google Scholar
12Taracouzio, T. A.. Soviets in the Arctic, New York, 1938, p. 321.Google Scholar
13Kirwan, L. P.. The white road. London, 1959, p. 206.Google Scholar
14British and Foreign State Papers, Vol. 101, 19071908, p. 7677.Google Scholar
15 An Ordinance to regulate the legal position of the Dependencies of the Colony of the Falkland Islands. Falkland Islands Gazette, Vol. 19, No. 1. 1908, p. 1909.Google Scholar
16 Letters Patent of 21 July 1908. Statutory Rules and Orders, 1908, p. 1042. Letters Patent of 28 March 1917. Statutory Rules and Orders, 1917, p. 1135.Google Scholar
17 Order in Council, No. 974, 30 July 1923, Statutory Rules and Orders, 191, p. 712.Google Scholar
18London Gazette, No. 33911, 14 02 1933, and Statutory Rules and Orders, 1933, p. 2089.Google Scholar
19Hackworth, G. H.. Digest of International Law, Vol. 1, 1940, p. 459, and Journal Official, 29 March 1924, p. 3004; 6 April 1938, p. 4098; and 14 April 1938, p. 4427.Google Scholar
20Bogen, H.. Main events in the history of Antarctic exploration, Sandefjord, 1958. Norwegian sovereignty has also been extended to Bouvetøya and Peter I Øy by Royal Decrees of 1928 and 1929.Google Scholar
21Havton, R. D.. The “American” Antarctic. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 50, 1956, 601.Google Scholar
22De La Barra, O. Pinochet. Chilean sovereignty in Antarctica, p. 54. Decree No. 1747, Bolétin Official, 6 November 1940. El Mercurio (Santiago), 7 November 1940.Google Scholar
23de la Barra, O. Pinochet. Chilean sovereignty in Antarctica, p. 55.Google Scholar
24Hayton, R. D.. The “American” Antarctic. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 50, 1956, p. 587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Hayton, R. D.. The “American” Antarctic. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 50, 1956, p. 588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Bogen, H.. Main events in the history of Antarctic exploration, Sandefjord, 1958, p. 107.Google Scholar
27Extraordinary Administrative Radio Conference. Final Acts, Vol. 1, Agreement and Final Protocol. Resolutions and Recommendations, Geneva, International Telecommunication Union, 1951.Google Scholar
28Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende, No. 7, 1955, p. 383–91 and Hans-Peter Kosack, Die Antarktis, Heidelberg, 1955, p. 126–28.Google Scholar
29-30Hackworth, . Digest of International Law, Vol. 1, p. 459.Google Scholar
31Smedal, G.. Acquisition of sovereignty over polar areas. Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavel, No. 36, 1931, p. 69.Google Scholar
32Taracouzio, T. A.. Soviets in the Arctic, New York, 1938, p. 320, and V. L. Lakhtin. Rights over the Arctic. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, 1930, p. 709.Google Scholar
33-34Svarlien, O.. The legal status of the Arctic. Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, 1958, p. 139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35Svarlien, O.. The legal status of the Arctic. Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, 1958, p. 138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36Lindley, M. F.. The acquisition and government of backward territory in international law, London, 1926, p. 56 and 235.Google Scholar
37Fenwick, C. G.. International law, New York, 1948, p. 350–51.Google Scholar
38Smedal, G.. Acquisition of sovereigntv over polar areas. Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet, No. 36, 1931, p. 60.Google Scholar
39Moore, J. B.. A digest of international law, Vol. 1, 1898. p. 263, and American State Papers, Foreign Relations, Vol. 2, p. 664.Google Scholar
40Miller, D. H.. Political rights in the Arctic. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 4, 1925, p. 56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41Lakhtin, V. L.. Rights over the Arctic. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, 1930, p. 703–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42Hayton, R. D.. The “American” Antarctic. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 50, 1956, p. 603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43Moore, J. B.. A digest of international law, Vol. 1, p. 268.Google Scholar
44Taracouzio, T. A.. Soviets in the Arctic, New York, 1938, p. 348.Google Scholar
45Breitfuss, L. L., Die territoriale Sektoreneinteilung der Arktis im Zusammenhang mit dem zu erwartenden transarktischen Luftverkehr. Peter mans geographische Mitteilungen, Heft 1/2, 1928.Google Scholar
46Taracouzio, T. A.. Soviets in the Arctic, New York, 1938, p. 348–49.Google Scholar
47Taracouzio, T. A.. Soviets in the Arctic, New York, 1938, p. 349.Google Scholar
48Lakhtin, V. L.. Rights over the Arctic. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, 1930, p. 714.Google Scholar
49Svarlien, O.. The legal status of the Arctic. Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, 1958, p. 140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50Scott, J. B.. Hague Court Reports (Second Series), Vol. 2. 1932, p. 111.Google Scholar
51Lakhtin, V. L.. Rights over the Arctic. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, 1930, p. 712.Google Scholar
52Transehe, N. A.. The ice cover of the Arctic Sea, with genetic classification of sea ice. Problems of polar research, American Geographical Society, 1928, p. 9294.Google Scholar
53Armstrong, Terenceand Roberts, Brian. Illustrated ice glossary, Polar Record, Vol. 8, No. 52, 1956, p. 412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54Taracouzio, T. A.. Soviets in the Arctic, New York, 1938, p. 352.Google Scholar
55-56Lakhtin, V. L.. Rights over the Arctic. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, 1930, p. 712–13.Google Scholar
57Taracouzio, T. A.. Soviets in the Arctic, New York, 1938, p. 360.Google Scholar
58British and Foreign State Papers, Vol. 57, p. 454.Google Scholar
59British and Foreign State Papers, Vol. 12, p. 3840.Google Scholar
60Svarlien, O.. The legal status of the Arctic. Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, 1958, p. 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar