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Estimates of relative yield potential and genetic improvement of wheat cultivars in the Mediterranean region

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2009

O. SENER ,
M. ARSLAN ,
Y. SOYSAL  and
M. ERAYMAN
O. SENER*
Affiliation:
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31040 Hatay, Turkey
M. ARSLAN
Affiliation:
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31040 Hatay, Turkey
Y. SOYSAL
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31040 Hatay, Turkey
M. ERAYMAN
Affiliation:
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31040 Hatay, Turkey
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: osener9@gmail.com
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Summary

Information about changes associated with advances in crop productivity is essential for understanding yield-limiting factors and developing new strategies for future breeding programmes. National bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in Turkey have risen by an average of 20·8 kg/ha/year from 1925 to 2006. Annual gain in yield attributable to agronomic and genetic improvement averaged c. 11·6 kg/ha/year prior to 1975, but is now averaging c. 15·1 kg/ha/year. In the Mediterranean region, however, the wheat yield trend line (10·9 kg/ha/year) is c. 0·38 lower than that of Turkey. In order to understand whether such a trend was due to the cultivars released over the years, 16 bread wheat cultivars, commonly grown in the region and representing 23 years of breeding, introduction and selection (from 1976 to 1999), were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replicates across 2 years. Data were collected on maturation time, plant height, spike length, spikelet number/spike, grain number/spike, grain weight/spike, 1000 seed weight, harvest index and grain yield. None of the measured plant traits showed any historical cultivar patterns; therefore, the increase in grain yield could not be attributed to a single yield component. Several physiological traits changed during two decades of cultivar releases in the Mediterranean region that led to a genetic gain in grain yield of about 0·5% per year. Years of data and the present field study in the Mediterranean region suggested that the genetic improvement in wheat seemed inadequate and should be reinforced with modern agricultural management practices as well as technological innovations.

Type
Crops and Soils
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 147 , Issue 3 , June 2009 , pp. 323 - 332
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 Cambridge University Press

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