Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T08:03:28.672Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Spatial pattern of rocky intertidal barnacle recruitment: comparison over multiple tidal levels and years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2009

Daphne M. Munroe  and
Takashi Noda
Daphne M. Munroe*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
Takashi Noda
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: D.M. Munroe, Faculty of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan email: munroe@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Recently developed methods allow quantification and examination of point patterns. Understanding patterns of aggregation or regularity of larval recruits at various spatial scales can help in identifying underlying ecological and biological processes determining their distribution. A rocky shore plot (30 cm wide × 100 cm tall) in southern Hokkaido, Japan was cleared each summer. Barnacle (Chthamallus challengeri) recruitment, after a period of approximately 134 days, was recorded using 40 photographs (25 cm2); 8 photographs per 20 cm horizontal band of tidal height, 5 bands total. Barnacle recruits within each photograph were mapped and co-ordinates used to analyse aggregation at scales from 0–2 cm using Ripley's K statistic and neighbourhood density function (NDF) (both models assumed heterogeneity of first-order density). Quadrat density counts at scales from 20–50 cm provided estimates of aggregation using Morisita's standardized index. These analyses showed that barnacle recruits demonstrate ordered spacing up to a distance of 6 mm. From 6 mm to 2 cm recruits show random spacing based on NDF, but ordered distribution based on the Ripley's K statistic. This discrepancy is likely a result of the cumulative nature of the Ripley's K statistic. At larger scales, Morisita's standardized index indicated aggregation. This result may be explained biologically by the trade off between maximizing need for space at small spatial scales, however being constrained by copulation with neighbours, resulting in aggregation at scales larger than the maximum penis length. The observed pattern was consistent among years with different recruitment densities and among tidal levels, indicating site specific characteristics and interspecific interactions may have a larger influence than desiccation stress or density dependence on spacing of recruits.

Keywords

spatial point patternbarnacle recruitmentrocky intertidalRipley's Ktide heightChthamallus challengeri
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 89 , Issue 2 , March 2009 , pp. 345 - 353
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, D.T. (1994) Barnacles: structure, function, development and evolution. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Barnes, H. and Crisp, D.J. (1956) Evidence of self-fertilization in certain species of barnacles. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 35, 631–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beasley, C.L., Cotter, D.R. and Everall, I.P. (2002) Density and distribution of white matter neurons in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: no evidence for abnormalities of neuronal migration. Molecular Psychology 7, 564–570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berntsson, K.M., Jonsson, P.R., Larsson, A.I. and Holdt, S. (2004) Rejection of unsuitable substrata as a potential driver of aggregated settlement in the barnacle Balanus improvisus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 275, 199–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connell, J.H. (1972) Community interactions on marine rocky intertidal shores. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 3, 169–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornulier, T. and Bretagnolle, V. (2006) Assessing the influence of environmental heterogeneity on bird spacing patterns: a case study with two raptors. Ecography 29, 240–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crisp, D.J. (1961) Territorial behaviour in barnacle settlement. Journal of Experimental Biology 38, 429–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crisp, D.J. (1974) Factors influencing the settlement of marine invertebrate larvae. In Grant, P.T. and Mackie, A.M. (eds) Chemoreception in marine organisms. London: Academic Press, pp. 177–265.Google Scholar
Diggle, P.J. (2003) Statistical analysis of point patterns. Second edition. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Gaines, S.D. and Bertness, M.D. (1992) Dispersal of juveniles and variable recruitment in sessile marine species. Nature 360, 579–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López Gappa, J., Calcagno, J.A. and Tablado, A. (1997) Spatial pattern in a low-density population of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite Darwin. Hydrobiologia 357, 129–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayashi, R. and Tsuji, K. (2008) Spatial distribution of turtle barnacles on the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas. Ecological Research 23, 121–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hills, J.M. and Thomason, J.C. (1996) A multi-scale analysis of settlement density and pattern dynamics of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides. Marine Ecology Progress Series 138, 103–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, A., Hawkins, S.J. and Doncaster, C.P. (2003) Population consequences of mutual attraction between settling and adult barnacles. Journal of Animal Ecology 72, 941–952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krebs, C.J. (1998) Ecological methodology. Second edition. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin Cummings.Google Scholar
Le Tourneux, F. and Bourget, E. (1988) Importance of physical and biological settlement cues used at different spatial scales by the larvae of Semibalanus balanoides. Marine Biology 97, 57–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitan, D.R. (1995) The ecology of fertilization in free-spawning invertebrates. In McEdward, L. (ed.) Ecology of marine invertebrate larvae. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., pp. 123–156.Google Scholar
McEdward, L.R. and Qian, P.Y. (2001) Effects of the duration and timing of starvation during larval life on the metamorphosis and initial juvenile size of the polychaete Hydroides elegans (Haswell). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 261, 185–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendiburu, F. (2007) Agricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. R package version 1.0-4. http://tarwi.lamolina.edu.pe/~fmendiburuGoogle Scholar
Miyamoto, Y., Noda, T. and Nakao, S. (1999) Zonation of two barnacle species not determined by competition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, 621–628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, J.H. (1978) Selecting a measure of dispersion. Environmental Entomology 7, 619–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakaoka, M., Ito, N., Yamamoto, T., Okuda, T. and Noda, T. (2006) Similarity of rocky intertidal assemblages along the Pacific coast of Japan: effects of spatial scales and geographic distance. Ecological Research 21, 425–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Navarette, S.A. and Wieters, E.A. (2000) Variation in barnacle recruitment over small scales: larval predation by adults and maintenance of community pattern. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 253, 131–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okuda, T., Noda, T., Yamamoto, T., Ito, N. and Nakaoka, M. (2004) Latitudinal gradient of species diversity: multi-scale variability in rocky intertidal sessile assemblages along the Northwestern Pacific coast. Population Ecology 46, 159–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, G.L.W., Miller, B.P. and Enright, N.J. (2006) A comparison of methods for the statistical analysis of spatial point patterns in plant ecology. Plant Ecology 187, 59–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pineda, J. (1994) Spatial and temporal patterns in barnacle settlement rate along a southern California rocky shore. Marine Ecology Progress Series 107, 125–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Development Core Team (2007) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org.Google Scholar
Ripley, B.D. (1977) Modelling spatial patterns. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B41, 368–374.Google Scholar
Satchell, E.R. and Farrell, T.M. (1993) Effects of settlement density on spatial arrangement in four intertidal barnacles. Marine Biology 116, 241–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoyan, D. and Stoyan, H. (1994) Fractals, random shapes and point fields: methods of geometrical statistics. Chichester,UK: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Thorson, G. (1946) Reproduction and larval development in Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Bianco, Lunos, Bogtrykkeri A/S Københaven: C.A.Reitzels Forlag.Google Scholar
Wethey, D.S. (1984) Spatial pattern in barnacle settlement: day to day changes during the settlement season. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 64, 687–698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiegand, T., Moloney, K.A., Naves, J. and Knauer, F. (1999) Finding the missing link between landscape structure and population dynamics: a spatially explicit perspective. American Naturalist 154, 605–627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiegand, T. and Moloney, K.A. (2004) Rings, circles and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology. Oikos 104, 209–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiegand, T., Gunatilleke, S. and Gunatilleke, S. (2007) Species associations in a heterogeneous Sri Lankan dipterocarp forest. American Naturalist 170, E77–E95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar