Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-nwzlb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T20:13:32.168Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Dextroamphetamine-induced arousal in human subjects as a model for mania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

D. Jacobs*
Affiliation:
Academic Unit of Human Psychopharmacology, Medical College of St Bartholmew's and the London Hospitals, German Hospital, London
T. Silverstone
Affiliation:
Academic Unit of Human Psychopharmacology, Medical College of St Bartholmew's and the London Hospitals, German Hospital, London
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr D. Jacobs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, The Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Verdun Street, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009.

Synopsis

Because of the practical difficulties which arise in studying manic patients, a reproducible model for mania using human subjects would be a valuable adjunct to research in this condition. Dextroamphetamine, given as a single oral 20 mg dose, fulfils the criteria for such a model in that there are very close similarities between the changes which occur after dextroamphetamine and those which have been observed in mania in terms of subjective experience, physiological and endocrine changes, and response to pharmacological agents.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (third edn) (DSM-III). APA: Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Anden, N., Butcher, S. G., Corrodi, H., Fuxe, K. & Ungerstedt, U. (1970). Receptor activity and turnover of dopamine and noradrenaline after neuroleptics. European Journal of Pharmacology 11, 303314.Google Scholar
Angrist, B. & Gershon, S. (1979). Variable attenuation of amphetamine effects by lithium. American Journal of Psychiatry 136, 806810.Google Scholar
Besser, G. M., Butler, P. W. P., Landon, J. & Rees, L. (1969). Influence of amphetamines on plasma corticosteroid and growth hormone levels in man. British Medical Journal iv, 428530.Google Scholar
Brodie, H. K. H., Murphy, D. L., Goodwin, F. K. & Bunney, W. E. Jr (1971). Catecholamines and mania: the effect of alpha-methyl-paratyrosine on manic behavior and catecholamine metabolism. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 12, 218224.Google Scholar
Brown, W. A., Corriveau, D. P. & Ebert, M. H. (1978). Acute psychologic and neuroendocrine effects of dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate. Psychopharmacology 58, 189195.Google Scholar
Cade, J. F. J. (1949). Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement. Medical Journal of Australia 36, 349352.Google Scholar
Campbell, D. (1969). A method for the measurement of therapeutic levels of (+)-amphetamine in human plasma. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 21, 129130.Google Scholar
Checkley, S. A. (1979). Corticosteroid and growth hormone responses to methyl amphetamine in depressive subjects. Psychological Medicine 9, 107115.Google Scholar
Cookson, J. C., Silverstone, T., Besser, G. M. & Williams, S. (1980). Plasma corticosteroids in mania: the effects of pimozide. Neuropharmacology 19, 12431244.Google Scholar
Cookson, J. C., Silverstone, T. & Wells, B. (1981). Double-blind comparative clinical trial of pimozide and chlorpromazine in mania. A test of the dopamine hypothesis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 64, 381397.Google Scholar
Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Guze, S. B., Woodruff, R. A., Winokur, G. & Munoz, R. (1972). Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry 26, 5763.Google Scholar
Gibbons, J. L. (1982). Manic-depressive psychoses: mania. In Handbook of Psychiatry, Vol. 3: Psychoses of Uncertain Aetiology (ed. Wing, L. and Wing, J.), pp. 99103. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gillin, J. C., van Kammen, D. P. & Bunney, W. E. (1978). Pimozide attenuates d-amphetamine-induced sleep changes in man. Life Sciences 22, 18051809.Google Scholar
Hemsley, D. R. & Philips, H. C. (1975). Models of mania: an individual case study. British Journal of Psychiatry 127, 7885.Google Scholar
Jonsson, L. E. (1972). Pharmacological blockade of amphetamine effects in amphetamine dependent subjects. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 4, 206211.Google Scholar
Jonsson, L. E., Anggard, E. & Gunne, L. M. (1971). Blockade of intravenous amphetamine euphoria in man. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 12, 889896.Google Scholar
Lader, M. & Wing, L. (1966). Physiological Measures, Sedative Drugs, and Morbid Anxiety. Institute of Psychiatry Maudsley Monographs, No. 14. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Lake, C. R., Pickar, D., Ziegler, M. G., Lipper, S., Slater, S. & Murphy, D. L. (1982). High plasma norepinephrine levels in patients with major affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 139, 13151318.Google Scholar
Martin, W. R., Sloan, J. W., Sapira, J. D. & Jasinski, D. R. (1971). Physiologic, subjective, and behavioural effects of amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, pnenmetrazine, and methylpheni-date in man. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 12, 245258.Google Scholar
Mattingly, D. (1962). A simple fluorimetric method for the estimation of free 11-hydroxycorticoids in human plasma. Journal of Clinical Pathology 15, 374379.Google Scholar
McKinney, W. T. (1974). Animal models in psychiatry. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 17, 529541.Google Scholar
McKinney, W. T. & Bunney, W. E. (1969). Animal model of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 21, 240248.Google Scholar
Moore, K. E. (1977). The actions of amphetamine on neurotransmitters: a brief review. Biological Psychiatry 12, 451462.Google Scholar
Morselli, P. L., Maggini, C., Placidi, G. F., Gomeni, R. & Tognoni, G. (1978). An integrated approach to the clinical pharmacology of anorectic drugs. In Central Mechanisms of Anorectic Drugs (ed. Garattini, S. and Samanin, R.), pp. 243265. Raven Press: New York.Google Scholar
Murphy, D. L. (1977). Animal models for mania. In Animal Models in Psychiatry and Neurology (ed. Hantin, I. and Usdin, E.), pp. 211222. Pergamon Press: Oxford.Google Scholar
Post, R. M. (1980). Biochemical theories of mania. In Mania: an Evolving Concept (ed. Belmaker, R. H. and Van Praag, H. M.), pp. 217265. Spectrum: New York.Google Scholar
Rees, L., Butler, P. W., Gosling, C. & Besser, G. M. (1970). Adrenergic blockade and the corticosteroid and growth hormone responses to methylamphetamine. Nature 228, 565566.Google Scholar
Robbins, T. W. & Sahakian, B. J. (1980). Animal models of mania. In Mania: an Evolving Concept (ed. Belmaker, R. H. and Van Praag, H. M.), pp. 143216. Spectrum: New York.Google Scholar
Schou, M. (1968). Lithium in psychiatric therapy and prophylaxis. Journal of Psychiatric Research 6, 6795.Google Scholar
Shaw, D. M. (1979). Lithium and antimanic drugs: clinical usage and efficacy. In Psychopharmacology of Affective Disorders (ed. Paykel, E. S. and Coppen, A.), pp. 179192. Oxford University Press: Oxford.Google Scholar
Shepherd, M., Lader, M. & Rodnight, R. (1968). Clinical Psychopharmacology. Lea & Febiger: Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Silverstone, T. (1978). Dopamine, mood and manic depressive psychosis. In Depressive Disorders (ed. Garattini, S.), pp. 419430. Schattauer: Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Silverstone, T., Fincham, J., Wells, B. & Kyriakides, M. (1980). The effect of the dopamine receptor blocking drug pimozide on the stimulant and anorectic actions of dextroamphetamine in man. Neuropharmacology 19, 12351237.Google Scholar
Silverstone, T., Wells, B. & Trenchard, E. (1983). Differential dose-response effects of dextroamphetamine sulphate on hunger, arousal and mood in human volunteers. Psychopharmacology 79, 242245.Google Scholar
Smith, R. C. & Davis, J. M. (1977). Comparative effects of d-amphetamine, l-amphetamine and methylphenidate on mood in man. Psychopharmacology 53, 112.Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1978). Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders (third edn). Research, Assessment and Training Unit, New York State Psychiatric Institute: New York.Google Scholar
Van Kammen, D. P. & Murphy, D. L. (1975). Attenuation of the euphoriant and activating effects of d- and l-amphetamine by lithium carbonate treatment. Psychopharmacologia 44, 215224.Google Scholar
Venables, P. H. & Christie, M. J. (1980). Electrodermal activity. In Techniques in Psychophysiology (ed. Martin, I. and Venables, P. H.), pp. 367. John Wiley and Sons: New York.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1977). Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death 1975 (ninth revision). WHO: Geneva.Google Scholar