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Ultrastructure of cells associated with excavation of calcium carbonate substrates by boring sponges

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

Shirley A. Pomponi
Shirley A. Pomponi
Affiliation:
University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida 33149
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Extract

Boring sponges excavate calcium carbonate substrates by chemical and mechanical methods. The chemical phase of excavation is accomplished at the cellular level by a localized secretion (possibly an acid or an enzyme) at the cell-substrate interface (Cotte, 1902; Nassonow, 1883, 1924; Warburton, 1958; Rützler & Rieger, 1973; Cobb, 1969, 1971, 1975). Chemical etching detaches a chip of calcium carbonate (about 40–60 µm diameter) which is then mechanically removed from the substrate through the sponge tissue and out through the excurrent canal system. Only 2–3% of the substrate is dissolved by the etching cells (Rützler & Rieger, 1973), while the rest is removed as characteristically shaped chips. Recent studies of the mechanism of sponge boring have denned (using light microscopy) the spatial relationships sponge cells establish with the substrate (Cobb, 1971), identified (using transmission electron microscopy) the cell type (etching cell) responsible for chemical etching (Rützler & Rieger, 1973), and described (using scanning electron microscopy) the architectural nature of substrate destruction by sponges (Cobb, 1969, 1971, 1975; Rützler & Rieger, 1973; Pomponi, 1976, 1977, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Miami).

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 59 , Issue 3 , August 1979 , pp. 777 - 790
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1979

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