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Insect immunity: early events in the encapsulation process of parasitoid (Leptopilina boulardi) eggs in resistant and susceptible strains of Drosophila

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

J. Russo ,
S. Dupas ,
F. Frey ,
Y. Carton  and
M. Brehelin
J. Russo
Affiliation:
Université de Rennes1, 34042 Rennes, France
S. Dupas
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biologie et Génétique Evolutives, CNRS, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France INRA-CNRS URA1184, PL. E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
F. Frey
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biologie et Génétique Evolutives, CNRS, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
Y. Carton
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biologie et Génétique Evolutives, CNRS, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
M. Brehelin
Affiliation:
INRA-CNRS URA1184, PL. E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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Summary

Eggs of an immune suppressive strain ( = virulent) of the parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi are encapsulated neither in resistant nor in susceptible strains of Drosophila melanogaster but are encapsulated in Drosophila yakuba. Eggs of a non-immune suppressive strain ( = avirulent) of the same parasitoid are encapsulated in a resistant strain of D. melanogaster and in D. yakuba but are not encapsulated in a susceptible strain of D. melanogaster. Egg chorion in the 2 parasitoid strains showed the same morphology and the same modifications after egg laying whatever the host strain. When a capsule is built, a small dotted dense layer was first spread on the chorion, followed by accumulation layers of cells (plasmatocytes and lamellocytes) and lastly necrosis of the inner haemocytes. The encapsulated eggs darken only at the time of necrosis of haemocytes. In susceptible hosts, neither the tiny dense layer nor haemocyte accumulation occured. We concluded that (1) this tiny dense layer was present before the deposition of the first haemocytes, (2) inhibition of deposition of this dense layer was the initial event of the induced immunosupression, (3) haemocytes other than lamellocytes were engaged in caspsule formation, (4) the immunosupressive factors did not target only the lamellocytes but also the plasmatocytes, (5) darkening of the encapsulated eggs was due to cell necrosis rather than to extracellular melanin deposition.

Keywords

Leptopilina boulardiDrosophilaparasitoidencapsulationhaemocytesimmunosuppression
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 112 , Issue 1 , January 1996 , pp. 135 - 142
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

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