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Mitochondrial DNA and Ascaris microepidemiology: the composition of parasite populations from individual hosts, families and villages

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

T. J. C. Anderson ,
M. E. Romero-Abal  and
J. Jaenike
T. J. C. Anderson
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Hospital de Ojos y Oidos, ‘Dr Rodolfo Robles V’, Diagonal 21 y 19 Calle, Guatemala City, Guatemala
M. E. Romero-Abal
Affiliation:
Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Hospital de Ojos y Oidos, ‘Dr Rodolfo Robles V’, Diagonal 21 y 19 Calle, Guatemala City, Guatemala
J. Jaenike
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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Summary

Patterns of genetic subdivision in parasite populations can provide important insights into transmission processes and complement information obtained using traditional epidemiological techniques. We describe mitochondrial sequence variation in 265 Ascaris collected from 62 individual hosts (humans and pigs) from 35 households in 3 Guatemalan locations. Restriction mapping of individual worms revealed 42 distinct mitochondrial genotypes. We ask whether the mitochondrial genotypes found in worms from individual hosts, from families of hosts and from villages represent random samples from the total Ascaris population. Patterns of genetic subdivision were quantified using F-statistics, while deviations from the null hypothesis of randomness were evaluated by a simple resampling procedure. The analysis revealed significant deviations from panmixia. Parasite populations were strongly structured at the level of the individual host in both humans and pigs: parasites bearing the same mitochondrial genotype were found more frequently than would be expected by chance within hosts. Significant heterogeneity was also observed among populations from different villages, but not from different families within a village. The clustering of related parasites within hosts suggests a similar clustering of related infective stages in the environment and may explain why sex ratios in Ascaris are female-biased. We discuss aspects of Ascaris biology which may lead to the observed patterns.

Keywords

Ascarismitochondrial DNAepidemiologyGuatemalagenetic structure
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 110 , Issue 2 , February 1995 , pp. 221 - 229
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

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