^{page 523 note 1} Jäschke, H.A., A Tibetan-English dictionary, London, 1881 Google Scholar (reprinted 1934).

^{page 523 note 2} Tibetan-English dictionary, Calcutta, 1902, p. 1309.Google Scholar

^{page 523 note 3} Essay towards a dictionary, Tibetan and English, Calcutta, 1834.Google Scholar

^{page 523 note 4} Tibetisch-deutsches Wōrterbuch, St. Petersburg, 1841.Google Scholar

^{page 523 note 5} Dictionnaire thibétain-latin-français par les Missionnaires catholiques du Thibet, Hongkong, 1899.Google Scholar

^{page 523 note 6} I have omitted the Latin definitions.

^{page 524 note 1} I have numbered the examples, adding at the same time the sources from the German edition of J's dictionary ( Handwōrterbuch der tibetischen Sprache, Gnadau, 1871, p. 614 Google Scholar), which have apparently dropped out in the process of preparing the English version. I take this opportunity of mentioning another omission in the English edition. On p. xxi under ‘Abbreviations’ add: Lt. = Lhan-thabs, a medical work, No. 475 of the ‘Verzeichnis’ by Schmidt, I.J. [and Bohtlingk, O. (Bulletin de la Classe des Sciences historiques, philologiques et politiques de l'Academie Imp. des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg, IV, 1848,Google Scholar col. 117)]. See now about this work, whose full title begins with , (and its Mongolian version), i.a. Heissig, W., Die Pekinger lamaistischen Blockdrucke in mongolischer Sprache, Wiesbaden, 1954, pp. 96,Google Scholar etc., and the notes by Jong, J.W. de in his review of the latter work in T'oung Pao, XLIII, 1955, 313–4.Google Scholar See also J, Dictionary, p. 601, s.v. lhan-pa.

^{page 524 note 2} This example, which refers to a mad dog, reoccurs s.v. (p. 166) as mi-seb-la () and there is translated as ‘among the people’.

^{page 524 note 3} The example reoccurs s.v. sprin (p. 336).

^{page 524 note 4} The compound reoccurs s.v. nags (p. 300) where it is translated as ‘an intersected forest’. See also below, p. 525, n. 2.

^{page 525 note 1} J evidently understands as short for

^{page 525 note 2} See above, p. 524, n. 4. In the reprint of J's entry in S. C. Das' dictionary gseb-nags is translated as ‘dense forest’.

^{page 525 note 3} I have substituted for the dialectal t‘o-pai.

^{page 525 note 4} cf. also English among from O.E. on ġemang, lit. ‘into a crowd’. (See, e.g., Wyld, H.C., The universal dictionary of the English language, London, 1932, p. 32.Google Scholar)

^{page 526 note 1} Kyelang in British Lahoul, 1866, pp. 132 and 103.

^{page 526 note 2} The German edition has only dmag-gseb, the meaning of which J queries: ‘Heer (?)’.

^{page 526 note 3} The italics are mine.

^{page 527 note 1} Leipzig, 1933, p. 232, s.v. bseb. bseb-tu ‘dazwischen hinein’.

^{page 527 note 2} London, 1955, p. 190.

^{page 527 note 3} See, e.g., Mahāvyutpatti (Sakaki), No. 224. A further example occurs in the Tibetan translation of the passage sacet te mahaty agni-skandhe prapateyuḥ in the beginning of chapter XXIV of the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-Sūtra: (Narthang Kanjur, mDo, Ja, 255B⁷). See also below ex. No. 10.

^{page 527 note 4} loc. cit., Part I, 1935, pp. 182 and 248 (Narthang Kanjur, mDo, Pa, p. 342A¹ and 408B^2–3).

^{page 527 note 5} loc. cit., No. 6293, see also Nos. 6301 and 6346.

^{page 527 note 6} cf. also Saddharmapuṇḍarika (ed. by V. Wogihara and C. Tsuchida, Tokyo, 1934, p. 4, 11. 18–19): bhrūvivarāntarād ūrṇākośād ekā raśmir niścaritā. Narthang Kanjur, mDo, Ja, p. 14A^2–3: (3)

^{page 527 note 7} See, about this question, Thomas, loc. cit., I, p. 141.

^{page 528 note 1} See below, p. 529, n. 2.

^{page 528 note 2} No. 40890 of the Tibetan Collection in the Library of the School of Oriental and African Studies. No place, no date, 104 pp.

^{page 528 note 3} cf. above, p. 525, the translation by J of nags-hhrod as ‘dense forest’; see also p. 525, n. 2.

^{page 528 note 4} See Bacot, J., La vie de Marpa, Paris, 1937, pp. 113 Google Scholar and 70.

^{page 528 note 5} Fragments extraits du Kandjour, traduits du tibeétain (Annales du Musée Guimet, Vol. v, 1883), p. 98; see also ibid., pp. 10 and 42, and notes 2 and 5 on p. 42.

^{page 528 note 6} mDul, Ka, 43B¹: ral-bal-can-gyi tshal-gseb-tu gśegs-nas. See Feer, loc. cit., p. 10.

^{page 528 note 7} See Feer, loc. cit., p. 42, and n. 2.

^{page 528 note 8} mDul, Cha, 100D⁷;

^{page 528 note 9} See Feer, p. 42 and n. 5. Feer translates ‘dans l'épaisse forêt de l'Est’ and remarks (n. 5) ‘Dans les livres pâlis elle est appelée la forêt de Yaṡḍi’. Earlier, , in his Études bouddhiques, II, 1875, p. 68, n. 1,Google Scholar he translated the passage ‘dans le jardin abondamment planté de l'Est’.

^{page 529 note 1} cf. Malalasekera, G.P., Dictionary of Pāli proper names, II, London, 1938, p. 772.Google Scholar

^{page 529 note 2} cf. Mahāvyutpatti, No, 4214 vana-khaṇḍa (vanaṡaṇḍa) = nags-khrod. In the Suvarṇaprabhāsa-sūtra, nags-khrod is used to render vanavivara (see Nobel, J., Suvarṇaprabhāsottama-Sūtra, II, Leiden, 1950, p. 18.Google Scholar vivara, on the other hand, is given as equivalent for gseb in the compound nags-gseb on p. 97 (folio 190A¹) of the Dictionnaire tibétain-sanscrit by Tse-Ring-Ouang-Gyal, , edited by Professor Bacot, J. (Paris, 1930)Google Scholar. In the Tibetan version of the Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra, vanaṡaṇḍa is rendered as (pp. 252–3 of the edition by Professor E. Waldschmidt, Berlin, 1950). Concerning vivara and gseb cf. also above ex. 9. In the Tibetan version of Candrakirti's Prasannapadā, nags-khrod renders tarukhaṇḍa (see the ‘Glossaire sanscrit-tibétain‘ appended to Jong's, J.W. de Cinq chapitres de la Prasannapadā, Paris, 1949, p. 158 Google Scholar). The rendering of khaṇḍa (ṡaṇḍa) by tshal in the compound taruṡaṇḍa is to be found in the Tibetan version of the Udrāyaṇāvadāna of the Divyāvadāna (), see Nobel, J., Udrāyaṇa, Kḍnig von Roruka, II, Wiesbaden, 1955, p. 63,Google Scholar s.v. tshal.

^{page 529 note 3} See above, p. 524.

^{page 529 note 4} I am indebted to Dr. C. R. Bawden for kindly checking this latter reading in the Paris copy of the Peking Kanjur (Bibliothèque Nationale, Fonds Tibétain 99).

^{page 529 note 5} There would seem no need to give examples of the compound which is quite common. The usage of gseb there recalls the etymological relationship between Sanskrit grāma ‘village’, and English ‘to cram’ (see Mayrhofer, M., Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wōrterbuch des Altindischen, Heidelberg, 1956, p. 353 Google Scholar), and also that between Old English porp ‘village’ and Germanic torp in the meaning of ‘herd’, which survived in Romance languages.

^{page 530 note 1} See Asia Major, NS, I, 1949, 3–15.

^{page 530 note 2} cf. e.g., stsogs-pa instead of the usual sogs-pa in Tun-Huang texts ( Bacot, J., Thomas, F.W., Toussaint, Ch., Documents de Touen-Houang relatifs à l'histoire du Tibet, Paris, 1940–1946, p. 201 Google Scholar). The same ancient form is also recorded in Thomas, F.W., Tibetan literary texts and documents, III, 1955, p. 183,Google Scholar s.v. la-stsogs, side by side with las-stsogs and las-btsogs. I hope to revert to this alternation on another occasion.

^{page 530 note 3} See Jäschke, Tibetan grammar, Addenda by Francke, A.H. and Simon, W., Berlin, 1929, pp. 120–1.Google Scholar

^{page 530 note 4} See below, p. 531, and n. 3

^{page 530 note 5} See Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, V, 1940, 387–9.Google Scholar

^{page 531 note 1} Unless stated otherwise, the meanings have been taken from J's dictionary.

^{page 531 note 2} As stated above, tshabs seems to denote an extreme state, as it were ‘the point when something is full to overflowing’. The example, quoted by J from the and translated by him ‘it is of use in milk-diseases of the women’, may well refer specifically to ‘excessive lactation’. I noted from the Karmaśataka (Narthang Kanjur, mDo, Sa, p. 143A⁵) ‘when (the illness) reached an extreme, then matter and blood dripped from his body’. Cf. also Edgerton, F., Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit, II. Dictionary, New Haven, 1953, pp. 268–9Google Scholar, s.v. dṛḍhaprahāritā, and Mahāvyutpatti, Nos. 4995 and 6776.

^{page 531 note 3} See also Asia Major, NS, II, 1952, 194.Google Scholar

^{page 532 note 1} An earlier ٭gdzim can be inferred from the corresponding Chinese word chiin ( Karlgren, , Grammata Serica, 1940, p. 296,Google Scholar No. 661, ), see Simon, W., Tibetisch-chinesische Wortgleichungen, Berlin, 1930, p. 23, No. 263.Google Scholar