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How the ‘Inscrutables‘ Negotiate with the ‘Inscrutables‘: Chinese Negotiating Tactics Vis-A-Vis the Japanese

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

Ogura Kazuo
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Extract

I had the opportunity to participate in the five major negotiations between China and Japan from 1972 to 1975 (i.e., the talks over the normalization of diplomatic relations, and the aviation, trade, shipping and fishery agreements), and to observe the tactics, both offensive and defensive, used by the Chinese participants. Personal impressions are bound to be biased, but fortunately there are at least two books which give us detailed accounts of negotiations between China and Japan in the post-war period. These are The Record of Fishery Talks between China and Japan and The Secret Memorandum of Sino-Japanese Negotiations. The former, written and edited by the Japan-China Fishery Association, whose leaders negotiated with China in 1955, is a complete record of the first fishery talks between the Japanese fishermen's organization and Chinese authorities. These negotiations centred on the regulations which Japanese and Chinese fishermen were to observe in the East China and Yellow Seas in order to avoid collisions and other accidents. The negotiations also covered some conservation measures, such as the establishment of several conservation zones along the coast of China and seasonal restrictions of the catch of some types of fish.

Type
Research Notes
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 79 , September 1979 , pp. 529 - 552
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1979

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References

1. Tagawa, Sei-ichi: Nicchu-Kosho Hiroku (Secret Memorandum in the Sino-Japanese Negotiations), Mainichi-Shimbun (1973), pp. 147–51Google Scholar.

2. Nicchu-Gyogyo-Kyogikai, (Sino-Japanese Consultative Committee on Fishery): The Record of Sino-Japanese Fishery Talks between China and Japan, Jan.–April 1955, p. 14Google Scholar.

3. Ibid. pp. 89–90.

4. Tagawa, S., Nicchu-Kosho Hiroku, pp. 151–52Google Scholar.

5. Young, Kenneth T.: Negotiating with the Chinese Communists: The United States Experience (New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1968), p. 11Google Scholar.

6. The “dislocation” tactics is in a way an application of the famous strategy of Mao Tse-tung: isolate your enemy. By stirring up a pro-China climate within the opponent's camp, the Chinese try to demonstrate that the argument advanced by the opposing negotiators will not be supported by their own countrymen and their position is more or less isolated.

7. Tagawa, S., Nicchu-Kosho Hiroku, p. 149Google Scholar.

8. The Record of Sino-Japanese Fishery Talks, p. 38.

9. Ikle, Fred C.: How Nations Negotiate (New York: Harper and Row, 1964), p. 168Google Scholar.

10. Tagawa, S., Nicchu-Kosho Hiroku, p. 76Google Scholar.

11. In the early 1960s the policy of “separating politics from economics” was advocated in Japan in order to promote trade with China while maintaining the status quo in political or diplomatic aspects of the relations. China was traditionally reluctant to accept such a policy and since the mid-1960s the Chinese increasingly have raised objection to such a policy.

12. Tagawa, S., Nicchu-Kosho Hiroku, p. 160Google Scholar.

13. The Record of Sino-Japanese Fishery Talks, pp. 21–22.

14. The Memorandum Trade Arrangement had its origin in the understanding reached in 1962 between the late Premier Chou and Japanese Congressman Matsumura.

15. Tagawa, S., Nicchu-Kosho Hiroku, p. 84Google Scholar.

16. The Record of Sino-Japanese Fishery Talks, p. 15.

17. Ibid. p. 104.

18. Tagawa, S., Nicchu-Kosho Hiroku, p. 85Google Scholar.

19. Ibid. p. 226.

20. The Record of Sino-Japanese Fishery Talks, p. 104.

21. Ibid. p. 108.

22. Tagawa, S., Nicchu-Kosho Hiroku, p. 101Google Scholar.

23. Young, K., Negotiating, p. 389Google Scholar.

24. The Record of Sino-Japanese Fishery Talks, p. 165.

25. Ibid. p. 171.

26. Ibid. p. 90.

27. ibid. p. 9.

28. Young, K., Negotiating, p. 57Google Scholar.