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Mongolia in the Sino-Soviet Dispute

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

Robert A. Rupen
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Extract

Mongolia has unexceptionably, unqualifiedly, and unhesitatingly supported the Soviet Union in all aspects of its dispute with China. It signed the test-ban treaty (on August 8); it publishes all the Soviet attacks on China immediately, and publishes Chinese attacks on the Soviet Union only after the Soviet press does so; it vilifies Albania; and praises and deals with Yugoslavia. A semi-weekly Russian-language newspaper was inaugurated in Ulan Bator on January 1, 1963 (Novosti Mongolii), and the introduction of an expanded and intensified programme of Russianlanguage instruction throughout the country was announced on May 24. In August, the Mongolians reorganised its State Planning Commission to include a separate division for agriculture and one for industry, along the lines of the reorganisation of the Soviet Communist Party. Mongolia supported the inclusion of the Soviet Union in Afro-Asian councils (at the conference of journalists in Indonesia), and in the United Nations moved that Iraq be condemned for its attack on the Kurds. Every day in every way it has been a firm supporter of the Soviet Union in the Sino-Soviet quarrel and in all things.

Type
On the Frontiers
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 16 , December 1963 , pp. 75 - 85
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1963

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References

1 See Tsende, 's report of 11 28, 1961Google Scholar, and Tsedenbal, 's of 02 2, 1962, translated in Dallin, Alexander, Ed., Diversity in International Communism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963)Google Scholar. On January 10, 1963, Moscow broadcast Tsedenbal's speech at the Ulan Bator conference on ideological problems (January 8–10) in Mandarin, to China. Tsedenbal called the Albanians “traitors” and “reactionaries,” and referred to Chinese statements as “irresponsible” and “conceited.”

2 Tsedenbal, , Izbrannye Rechi, II (Moscow: 1962), p. 244Google Scholar; Kalb, Marvin L., “Between Russia and China—Mongolia,” New York Times Magazine (12 2, 1962)Google Scholar; The Chinese World (San Francisco, 04 26, 1963)Google Scholar; Survey of the Chinese Mainland Press (SCMP), Hong Kong: U.S. Consulate General, No. 2744.

The Sino-Mongolian Agreement for the supply of Chinese labourers was signed early in 1955. In May of that year, the first Chinese arrived. By August 1956, about 10,000 were there. In 1958, 2,400 more came; and on May 5, 1961, 754 more.

3 The Mongolian delegation in Peking, December 25–27, 1962, for the conclusion of the Treaty included: Tsedenbal (Mongolian Premier and Politburo Member); N. Jagvaral (Deputy Premier and Politburo Member); P. Shagdarsuren (Minister of Foreign Affairs); S. Sosorbaram (First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs); S. Bata (Deputy Minister of National Defence); and D. Chimiddorj (Head of the Eastern Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs).

In the Sino-Soviet Treaty of February 1950, China specifically acknowledged the independence of the MPR. A Chinese article published in March 1950 stated, “… both Governments affirmed that the independent status of the MPR was fully guaranteed.”

4 Text of treaty in Current Background (Hong Kong: U.S. Consulate-General), No. 707, taken from the People's Daily (Jen-min Jih-pao), 03 26, 1963.Google Scholar

5 See Mongolia Today (New Dehli), No. 18 (03-04 1961)Google Scholar, Novost; Mongolii (04 30 and 05 14, 1963).Google Scholar

6 See Mongolia Today, No. 27 (06 1962)Google Scholar and No. 28 (July-August 1962).

7 SCMP, No. 2754. Formosa also celebrated the anniversary.

8 Maiskii, I., “Chinggis Khan,” Voprosy Istorii, No. 5, 1962, pp. 74–83Google Scholar; Merpert, N. Ya., Pashuto, G. T., Cherepnin, L. V., “Chinggis Khan i ego nasledie,” Istoriya SSSR, No. 5, 1962, pp. 92–119.Google Scholar

9 Izbrannye stat'i i rechi Kh. Choibalsana (Moscow: 1961)Google Scholar. Review by Yakimov, , in Narody Azii i Afriki, No. 6, 1961, pp. 168–170.Google Scholar

10 The Mongolian Census of February 5, 1956, listed: 24,600 Buryat Mongols; 36,700 Kazakhs; 15,800 Tuvans; and 16,200 Russians; 13,400 Chinese.

11 See semi-weekly issues of Novasti Mongolii (Ulan Bator).

12 See Fall 1963 issue of Mongolia Society Newsletter (Bloomington, Ind.) for bibliography.

13 The Soviet-Mongolian Friendship Association, under this designation, was founded May 14, 1958; the Buryat Mongolian section of it was established in September 1958. The Sino-Mongolian Friendship Association was founded September 30, 1958.

14 In August 1955, the IMAR officially adopted Cyrillic; in 1958, Latin replaced Cyrillic. In fact, Mongols in China for the most part continue to use the traditional script.

15 Novosti Mongolii (09 17, 1963).Google Scholar

16 Rinchen still lives and was accepted into the Mongolian Academy of Sciences in May 1961.

17 The Jamtsarano book published by Rinchen was Qalqa Jirum (Ulan Bator 1959).

18 See Baldanjapov, P., “80-letie so dnya rozhdeniya Ts. Zh Zhamtsarano,” Narody Azii i Afriki, No. 1, 1962, p. 217Google Scholar. A book to be published in 1963 in Ulan Ude, Iz istorii Buryatii, is to include a chapter, “Ts. Zhamtsarano kak obshchestvennyi deyatel'.”