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Chairman Hua Edits Mao's Literary Heritage: “On the 10 Great Relationships”.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

Stuart R. Schram
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Extract

The publication, on Mao Tse-tung's birthday, of an official text of his crucially important speech of 25 April 1956 “On the 10 great relationships” (reproduced below in the Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation, pp. 221–38) adds significantly to our knowledge both of Chairman Mao and of his successor. On the one hand, it constitutes a substantial document which will be closely scrutinized by all those interested in the thought of Mao Tse-tung. On the other, the way in which the text has been edited, and the fact of its publication, provide some hints about the thinking, and perhaps even about the policy intentions of Hua Kuo-feng.

Type
Research Note
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 69 , March 1977 , pp. 126 - 135
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1977

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References

1. Current Background (CB), No. 892 (U.S. Consulate General, Hong Kong, 21 10 1969), p. 21Google Scholar; transl. revised after comparison with the Chinese text in Wansui (supplement), p. 19. This note precedes the text of “On the 10 great relationships” transl. in CB, No. 892, and also by Ch'en, Jerome in Mao (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1969), pp. 65ndash;85Google Scholar; The transl. included in the volume of Mao's, speeches which I edited in 1974 (Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed) [Harmondsworth: PenguinGoogle Scholar; published in the U.S. by Pantheon under the title Chairman Mao Talks to the People]) was also originally made from this source. It was subsequently revised to bring it into conformity with the Chinese text in Wansui (1969). (Ibid.) pp. 61–83, and list of sources, p. 54.)

2. Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed, p. 101.

3. Compare the paragraph on the first of the 10 relationships in Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed, pp. 62–65, with that in the official version below, pp. 222–23. (When it is a question of comparing in broad outline the content of the two versions, I shall refer to these two translations. In a few instances, where the precise wording is important, I shall supply my own translation of the official Chinese text, with page references to the pamphlet Tse-tung, Mao, Lun shih la kuan-hsi [Hong Kong: San-lien Shu-tien, 12 1976]Google Scholar;)

4. See below Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation, pp. 236.

5. Ibid. p. 236–37; compare Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed, p. 82.

6. Ibid. pp. 232–33; compare Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed, p. 78, which refers simply to “our image abroad.”

7. Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed, p. 73.

8. Ibid. p. 71.

9. Compare below Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation, p. 227; Lun shih la kuan-hsi, p. 10. (The expression ti-fang, translated “the regions” in Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed, and “the local authorities” in the official English text of the “10 great relationships,” may refer to any level below the Centre. Mao makes plain in paragraph 5 that he is talking about all levels, from the province down to the natural village. I have kept “region“ here in order to show the differences and similarities between the two texts.)

10. Compare below Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation, p. 228; Lun shih ta kuan-hsi, pp. 10–11.

11. Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed, p. 64.

12. See below Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation, p. 226.

13. Compare Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed, pp. 68–69, with text in Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation, pp. 225–26.

14. Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed, pp. 65–66.

15. Compare Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed, p. 66, and text in Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation, p. 224.

16. Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed, p. 83.

17. CB, No. 892, p. 21; JVan-sui (supplement), p. 19.

18. See below Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation, p. 239. Kuo-feng, Hua, Tsai ti-i-tz'u ch'üan-kuo nung-yeh hsüeh Tachai hui-i shang ti chiang-hua (Hong Kong: San-lien shu-tien, 1976), p. 1Google Scholar; The only difference between Hua's speech and the editoriall note is that in the latter, “Chairman Mao” has become “Comrade Mao Tse-tung.”

19. See the introduction to Authority, Participation and Cultural Change in China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973), p. 45Google Scholar;

20. For a sharper formulation of this point than in the work just cited, see my essay in Mao Tse-tung in the Scales of History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming).

21. See below Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation, pp. 247–48.

22. Ibid. p. 242–43.

23. Ibid. p. 236–37.

24. Ibid. p. 243.