Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T05:41:49.398Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Particle response and turbulence modification in fully developed channel flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

J. D. Kulick ,
J. R. Fessler  and
J. K. Eaton
J. D. Kulick
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
J. R. Fessler
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
J. K. Eaton
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The interactions between small dense particles and fluid turbulence have been investigated in a downflow fully developed channel in air. Particle velocities of, and fluid velocities in the presence of, 50 μm glass, 90 μm glass and 70 μm copper spherical beads were measured by laser Doppler anemometry, at particle mass loadings up to 80%. These particles were smaller than the Kolmogorov lengthscale of the flow and could respond to some but not all of the scales of turbulent motion. Streamwise mean particle velocity profiles were flatter than the mean fluid velocity profile, which was unmodified by particle loading. Particle velocity fluctuation intensities were larger than the unladen-fluid turbulence intensity in the streamwise direction but were smaller in the transverse direction. Fluid turbulence was attenuated by the addition of particles; the degree of attenuation increased with particle Stokes number, particle mass loading and distance from the wall. Turbulence was more strongly attenuated in the transverse than in the streamwise direction, because the turbulence energy is at higher frequencies in the transverse direction. Streamwise turbulence attenuation displayed a range of preferred frequencies where attenuation was strongest.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 277 , 25 October 1994 , pp. 109 - 134
Copyright
© 1994 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Csanady, G. T. 1963 Turbulent diffusion of heavy particles in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 21, 222–225.Google Scholar
Elghobashi, S. E. & Abou-Arab, T. W. 1983 A two-equation turbulence model for two-phase flows. Phys. Fluids 26, 931–938.Google Scholar
Elghobashi, S. E. & Truesdell, G. C. 1992 Direct simulation of particle dispersion in decaying isotropic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 242, 655–700.Google Scholar
Elghobashi, S. E. & Truesdell, G. C. 1993 On the two-way interaction between homogeneous turbulence and dispersed solid particles. I: Turbulence modification. Phys. Fluids A 5, 1790–1801.Google Scholar
Gaster, M. & Roberts, J. B. 1977 The spectral analysis of randomly sampled records by direct transform. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 354, 27–58.Google Scholar
Gore, R. A. & Crowe, C. T. 1991 Modulation of turbulence by a dispersed phase. Trans. ASME I: J. Fluids Engng 113, 304–307.Google Scholar
Kulick, J. D., Fessler, J. R. & Eaton, J. K. 1993 On the interactions between particles and turbulence in a fully-developed channel flow in air. Mech. Engng Rep. MD-66. Stanford University.
Liljegren, L. M. 1993 The effect of a mean fluid velocity gradient on the streamwise velocity variance of a particle suspended in a turbulent flow. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 19, 471–484.Google Scholar
Longmire, E. K. & Eaton, J. K. 1990 Structure and control of a particle-laden jet. Mech. Engng Rep. MD-58. Stanford University.
Maeda, M., Hishida, K. & Furutani, T. 1980 Optical measurements of local gas and particle velocity in an upward flowing dilute gas-solids suspension. In Proc. Polyphase Flow and Transport Technology, pp. 211–216. Century 2-ETC, San Francisco.
Mansour, N. N., Kim, J. & Moin, P. 1988 Reynolds-stress and dissipation-rate budgets in a turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 194, 15–44.Google Scholar
Mansour, N. N., Kim, J. & Moin, P. 1989 Near-wall k-ε turbulence modeling. AIAA J. 27, 1068–1073.Google Scholar
Maxey, M. R. & Riley, J. J. 1983 Equation of motion for a small rigid sphere in a nonuniform flow. Phys. Fluids 26, 441–165.Google Scholar
Pourahmadi, F. & Humphrey, J. A. C. 1983 Modeling solid-fluid turbulent flows with applications to predicting erosive wear. Phys.-Chem. Hydrodyn. 4, 191–219.Google Scholar
Rashidi, M., Hetsroni, G. & Banerjee, S. 1990 Particle-turbulence interaction in a boundary-layer. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 16, 935–949.Google Scholar
Reeks, M. W. 1977 On the dispersion of small particles suspended in an isotropic turbulent fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 83, 529–546.Google Scholar
Rizk, M. A. & Elghobashi, S. E. 1985 The motion of a spherical particle suspended in a turbulent flow near a plane wall. Phys. Fluids 28, 806–817.Google Scholar
Rizk, M. A. & Elghobashi, S. E. 1989 A two-equation turbulence model for dispersed dilute confined two-phase flows. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 15, 119–133.Google Scholar
Rizk, M. A., Mostafa, A. A. & Abolfadl, M. A. 1993 Calculations of a particle-laden flat plate turbulent boundary layer. In Gas-Solid Flows. ASME FED-166 (ed. Stock et al.), pp. 169–175.
Rogers, C. B. & Eaton, J. K. 1991 The effect of small particles on fluid turbulence in a flat-plate, turbulent boundary layer in air. Phys. Fluids A 3, 928–937.Google Scholar
Snyder, W. H. & Lumley, J. L. 1971 Some measurements of particle velocity auto-correlation functions in a turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech. 48, 41–71.Google Scholar
Sommerfeld, M. 1992 Modelling of particle-wall collisions in confined gas-particle flows. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 18, 905–926.Google Scholar
Soo, S. L. 1956 Statistical properties of momentum transfer in two-phase flow. Chem. Engng Sci. 5, 57–67.Google Scholar
Squires, K. D. & Eaton, J. K. 1990a The interaction of particles with homogeneous turbulence. Mech. Engng Rep. MD-55. Stanford University.
Squires, K. D. & Eaton, J. K. 1990b Particle response and turbulence modification in isotropic turbulence. Phys. Fluids A 2, 1191–1203.Google Scholar
Squires, K. D. & Eaton, J. K. 1991 Measurements of particle dispersion obtained from direct numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 226, 1–35.Google Scholar
Squires, K. D. & Eaton, J. K. 1994 Effect of selective modification of turbulence on two-equation models for particle-laden flows. Trans. ASME I: J. Fluids Engng (to appear).Google Scholar
Taylor, G. I. 1921 Diffusion by continuous movements. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. A 20, 196–211.Google Scholar
Tchen, C. M. 1947 Mean value and correlation problems connected with the motion of small particles suspended in a turbulent fluid. PhD dissertation, University of Delft, The Hague.
Tsuji, Y., Morikawa, Y. & Shiomi, H. 1984 LDV measurements of an air-solids two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe. J. Fluid Mech. 139, 417–434.Google Scholar
Wells, M. R. & Stock, D. E. 1983 The effect of crossing trajectories on the dispersion of particles in a turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech. 136, 31–62.Google Scholar
Yudine, M. I. 1959 Physical considerations on heavy particle diffusion. Adv. Geophys. 6, 185–191.Google Scholar