Short-term memory, nonattentional task effects and
nonspatial extraretinal representations in the visual system
are signs of cognitive penetration. All of these have been found
physiologically, arguing against the cognitive impenetrability of
vision as a whole. Instead, parallel subcircuits in the brain, each
subserving a different competency including sensory and cognitive
(and in some cases motor) aspects, may have cognitively impenetrable
components.
