^{page 77 note 1} For a review of literature see Ozelli, Tunc, ‘Costs and Benefits of Educational Investments in the First Turkish Republic’ (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, New York, 1968).Google Scholar

^{page 77 note 2} Harbison, F. and Myers, C. A., Education, Manpower and Economic Growth (New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1964).Google Scholar

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^{page 78 note 1} Vekâleti, Milli Eğitim (The Ministry of National Education), Milli Eğitim ile Ilgiil Kanunlar (Legal Acts Concerning National Education) (Ankara: Milli Eğitim Basimevi, 1953).Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 2} Tunc Ozelli, op. cit. chapter IV.Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 3} Ozelli, Tunc, op. cit. pp. 287–9.Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 4} Maurois, André, The Edwardian Era (New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, 1933), p. 286.Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 5} For the main currents of political thought see Robinson, R. D., The First Turkish Republic: A Case Study in National Development (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965), p. 16.Google Scholar

^{page 79 note 1} Berkes, N. (ed.), Turkish Nationalism and Western Civilization: Selected Essays of Ziya Gökalp (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959) p. 137.Google Scholar

^{page 79 note 2} Kinross, Lord, Ataturk: A Biography of Mustafa Kemal, Father of Modern Turkey (New York: William Morrow and Company, 1965), pp. 501–5, 526–36.Google Scholar

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^{page 80 note 1} Kazamias, A. M., Education and Quest for Modernity in Turkey, (Chicago: The University Chicago Press, 1967), p. III.Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 1} Kansu, A. N., Kazamias, A. M., Education and Quest for Modernity in Turkey, (Chicago: The University Chicago Press, 1967), p. III.Google Scholaribid. vol. II, pp. 62–7.

^{page 82 note 1} Berkes, N. (ed.), op. cit. p. 240.Google ScholarIbid. p. 243.

^{page 83 note 1} Vekâleti, Milli Eğitim, op. cit. pp. 935–6.Google Scholar

^{page 84 note 1} Vekâleti, Milli Eğitim, op. cit.Google ScholarIbid. pp. 3–51.

^{page 85 note 2} Hanson, A. H., Public Enterprise and Economic Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., 1959), p.118.Google Scholar

^{page 86 note 1} For the definition of underdeveloped see Clark, C., The Conditions of Economic Program (London: McMillan and Company Ltd., 1960), pp. 18–74.Google Scholar

^{page 86 note 2} Hershlag, Z. Y., Turkey: An Economy in Transition (The Hague: Vitgeverij Van Keulen N.V., 1959), p. 91.Google Scholar

^{page 86 note 3} Maynard, R. E., ‘The Lise and Its Curriculum in the Turkish Education System’, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Education, University of Chicago, 1961, p. 120.Google Scholar

^{page 88 note 1} Robinson, R. D., op. cit. p. 124.Google Scholar

^{page 89 note 1} Ibid. p. 143.

^{page 89 note 3} Wilson, C. H., A Settlement Plan for Turkey (Ankara: Economic Cooperation Administration, 1951).Google Scholar

^{page 89 note 4} Stirling, Paul, Turkish Village, (London: Weidenfeld, 1965).Google Scholar

^{page 90 note 1} Esenis, A., personal correspondence.Google Scholar

^{page 91 note 1} Frey, Frederick W., ‘Turkey’, in Ward, and Rustow, (eds.), Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964), p. 222.Google Scholar