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Intra-uterine physical growth in schizophrenia: evidence confirming excess of premature birth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2000

M. ICHIKI
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine and Zenkaren Health and Welfare Research Institute, Tokyo, and Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London
H. KUNUGI
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine and Zenkaren Health and Welfare Research Institute, Tokyo, and Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London
N. TAKEI
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine and Zenkaren Health and Welfare Research Institute, Tokyo, and Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London
R. M. MURRAY
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine and Zenkaren Health and Welfare Research Institute, Tokyo, and Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London
H. BABA
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine and Zenkaren Health and Welfare Research Institute, Tokyo, and Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London
H. ARAI
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine and Zenkaren Health and Welfare Research Institute, Tokyo, and Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London
I. OSHIMA
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine and Zenkaren Health and Welfare Research Institute, Tokyo, and Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London
K. OKAGAMI
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine and Zenkaren Health and Welfare Research Institute, Tokyo, and Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London
T. SATO
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine and Zenkaren Health and Welfare Research Institute, Tokyo, and Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London
T. HIROSE
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine and Zenkaren Health and Welfare Research Institute, Tokyo, and Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London
S. NANKO
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine and Zenkaren Health and Welfare Research Institute, Tokyo, and Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London

Abstract

Background. Many studies have suggested a possible aetiological role for obstetric complications in the development of schizophrenia. We focused on prenatal physical growth in schizophrenia, a contentious issue in the literature.

Methods. We compared gestational age at birth, birth weight (BW) and birth head circumference (BHC) between 312 schizophrenics and 517 controls, and between 187 schizophrenics and their matched healthy siblings. Information on obstetric histories was obtained from the Maternal and Child Health Handbooks (i.e. contemporaneous records).

Results. Gestational age at birth was significantly earlier in the schizophrenics than in the controls (P = 0·017). Pre-term birth (gestational age of 36 weeks or less) was more common in schizophrenics than in controls (8·0% v. 3·4%, P = 0·005, odds ratio 2·5). Low BW (2500 g or less) was more frequent in schizophrenics than in controls (9·6% v. 4·6%, P = 0·005, odds ratio 2·2). The schizophrenics had significantly lighter BW (P = 0·0003) and tended to have smaller BHC (P = 0·081) compared with controls. However, multiple regression analysis showed that there was no significant difference in BW or BHC between the schizophrenics and controls when gestational age and maternal weight were controlled. There was no significant difference in BW or BHC between schizophrenics and their siblings, although the schizophrenics tended to be born at earlier gestational age than their siblings.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that prematurity at birth is associated with a risk of developing schizophrenia in adulthood. When gestational age and maternal body weight were allowed for, there was no evidence that schizophrenics tend to have lower mean BW or smaller BHC.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2000 Cambridge University Press

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