Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-8mjnm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T18:45:42.768Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ovarian ages of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) caught from mobile and stationary baits in the presence and absence of humans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

J.W. Hargrove*
Affiliation:
Tsetse Research Laboratory, ODA/University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
*
Dr J. W. Hargrove, c/o Tsetse Control, Box 8283, Causeway, Zimbabwe.

Abstract

Ovarian ages were obtained for tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and G. pallidipes Austen caught in Zimbabwe using a stationary bait ox, an odour-baited trap in the presence or absence of humans, a mobile ox fly-round and a vehicle-mounted electric net. The biggest daily catches were obtained from the electric net and the unacccompanied trap, but while for G. m. morsitans the ratio of the catches from these two methods was 7:1, for G. pallidipes it was 0.7:1. Evening catches were 1.3–5.5 and 2.9–18.8 times higher than morning catches for the two species, respectively; the differences were greater for stationary than for mobile baits. The sample age structures differed significantly (P < 0.05: x2) between methods in six of the ten possible contrasts between pairs of methods in G. m. morsitans and for all ten in G. pallidipes. The differences in age distribution and mean catch levels are attributed to increases in flight activity with age; at each age G. pallidipes is more active than G. m. morsitans. Man's presence in the trapping system reduced catches significantly (P < 0.05: t test) but this effect was small in the youngest and oldest flies. Odour-baited traps are biased in favour of G. pallidipes and, for both species, in favour of older flies; mortalities calculated from age distributions of trap samples therefore underestimate the true value.

Type
Research Paper
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Caughley, G. (1977) Analysis of vertebrate populations. 232 pp. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Challier, A. (1965) Amélioration de la méthode de détermination de l'âge physiologique des glossines. Études faites sur Glossina palpalis palpalis Vanderplank, 1949. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologic Exotique 58, 250259.Google Scholar
Challier, A. & Turner, D.A. (1985) Methods to calculate survival rate in tsetse fly (Glossina) populations. Annals de la Société Beige Médecine Tropicale 65, 191197.Google ScholarPubMed
Dransfield, R.D., Chaudhury, M.F.B., Tarimo, S.A., Golder, T.K. & Brightwell, R. (1985) Population dynamics of Glossina pallidipes under drought conditions at Nguruman, Kenya. Proceedings of 18th Meeting of the ISCTRC, Harare, Zimbabwe, 284–292. Nairobi, Kenya, OAU/STRC.Google Scholar
Hargrove, J.W. (1975a) The flight performance of tsetse flies. Journal of Insect Physiology 21, 13851395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hargrove, J.W. (1975b) Some changes in the flight apparatus of tsetse flies Glossina morsitans and G. pallidipes during maturation. Journal of Insect Physiology 21, 14851489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargrove, J.W. (1980) Improved estimates of the efficiency of traps for Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and G. pallidipes Austen (Diptera, Glossinidae), with a note on the effect of the concentration of accompanying host odour on efficiency. Bulletin of Entomological Research 70, 579587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargrove, J.W. (1981a) Tsetse dispersal reconsidered. Journal of Animal Ecology 50, 351373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargrove, J.W. (1981b) Discrepancies between estimates of tsetse fly populations using mark-recapture and removal trapping techniques. Journal of Applied Ecology 18, 737748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargrove, J.W. (1988) Tsetse: the limits to population growth. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 2, 203217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hargrove, J.W. (in press) Age-dependent changes in the probabilities of survival and capture of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood. Insect Science and its Application.Google Scholar
Hargrove, J.W. & Langley, P.A. (1990) Sterilizing tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the field: a successful trial. Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, 397403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargrove, J.W. & Vale, G.A. (1978) The effect of host odour concentration on catches of tsetse flies (Glossinidae) and other Diptera in the field. Bulletin of Entomological Research 68, 607612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langley, P.A., Felton, T. & Oouchi, H. (1988) Juvenile hormone mimics as effective sterilants for the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 2, 2935.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noether, G. (1957) Two confidence intervals for the ratio of two probabilities and some measures of effectiveness. Journal of the American Statistical Association 52, 3645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phelps, R.J. & Vale, G.A. (1978) Studies on populations of Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Rhodesia. Journal of Applied Entomology 15, 743760.Google Scholar
Pilson, R.D., Boyt, W.P. & Mackenzie, P.K.I. (1978) The relative attractiveness of cattle, sheep and goats to Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and G. pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the Zambesi Valley of Rhodesia. Bulletin of Entomological Research 68, 489–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, D.J., Randolph, S.E. & Kuzoe, F.A.S. (1984) Local variation in the population dynamics of Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Glossinidae). I. Natural population regulation. Bulletin of Entomological Research 74, 403423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, D.S. (1962) Age determination for female tsetse flies and the age compositions of samples of Glossina pallidipes Aust., G. palpalis fuscipes Newst. and G. brevipalpis Newst. Bulletin of Entomological Research 53, 579595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, D.A. (1987) The population ecology of Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the Lambwe Valley, Kenya. I. Feeding behaviour and activity patterns. Bulletin of Entomological Research 77, 317333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1974) The responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to mobile and stationary baits. Bulletin of Entomological Research 74, 545588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1980) Flight as a factor in the host-finding behaviour of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 70, 299308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1982) The interaction of men and traps as baits for tsetse-flies (Diptera: Glossinidae). Zimbabwe Journal of Agricultural Research 20, 179183.Google Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1984) The responses of Glossina (Glossinidae) and other Diptera to odour plumes in the field. Bulletin of Entomological Research 74, 143152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. & Hargrove, J.W. (1975) Field attraction of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to ox odour; the effects of dose. Transactions of the Rhodesia Scientific Association 64, 18.Google Scholar
Vale, G.A. & Hargrove, J.W. (1979) A method for studying the efficiency of traps for tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) and other insects. Bulletin of Entomological Research 69, 183193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A., Hursey, B.S., Hargrove, J.W., Torr, S.J. & Allsopp, R. (1984) The use of small plots to study populations of tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae). Insect Science and its Applications 5, 403410.Google Scholar
Vale, G.A., Lovemore, D.F., Flint, S. & Cockbill, G.F. (1988) Odour-baited targets to control tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae), in Zimbabwe. Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, 3149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Sickle, J. & Phelps, R.J. (1988) Age distributions and reproductive status of declining and stationary populations of Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Zimbabwe. Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, 5161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar