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Methods for dispensing odour attractants for tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

S. J. Torr ,
D. R. Hall ,
R. J. Phelps  and
G. A. Vale
S. J. Torr*
Affiliation:
ODA/IPMI Tsetse Project, c/o Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Branch, Harare, Zimbabwe
D. R. Hall
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
R. J. Phelps
Affiliation:
Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Branch, Harare, Zimbabwe
G. A. Vale
Affiliation:
Regional Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Project for Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Malawi, Harare, Zimbabwe
*
*Natural Resources Institute, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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Abstract

Methods for dispensing tsetse attractants using sealed polyethylene sachets and bottles were studied in the laboratory and field. 1-Octen-3-ol (octenol), 4-methylphenol and 3-n-propylphenol were dispensed singly or as blends from sachets 25–200 cm2 in surface area and with a wall thickness of 0.06–0.32 mm; butanone was dispensed from polyethylene bottles. The release rates of attractants, assessed gravimetrically or by GC analysis of volatiles released, were independent of the amount present. The rates were related directly to surface area, inversely related to wall thickness and increased exponentially with temperature. With blends of the attractants, the release rates of the two phenols were directly proportional to the concentration present, but that of octenol showed an exponential dependence. A similar exponential effect was seen with blends of the attractants and an involatile diluent. For mixtures of chemicals, the ratio of the released components was not affected significantly by temperature, sachet size or wall thickness. Release rates from polyethylene sachets and bottles in the field varied 100-fold according to temperature differences related to the time of day, season, and degree of insolation. Day-degree models to predict the losses of attractants from a polyethylene sachet in shade or in full sunlight were highly correlated (r2 = 0.84 and 0.81 respectively) with observed losses. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 87 , Issue 3 , June 1997 , pp. 299 - 311
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

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