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Versatile cases1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2008

ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD
ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD*
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Linguistic Typology, La Trobe University
*
Author's address: Research Centre for Linguistic Typology (RCLT), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. a.y.aikhenvald@live.com
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Abstract

Case markers are thought of primarily as nominal morphemes, indicating the function of a noun phrase in a clause. In a few languages of the world case markers also appear on verbal forms. Such ‘versatile’ cases can express (i) temporal, causal and other relationships between clauses, and (ii) aspectual and modal meanings within a clause. Core cases tend to express aspectual and modal meanings, while oblique cases tend to be used as clause-linkers. The recurrent semantic differences between case morphemes as nominal markers, as clause-linking devices, and as exponents of clausal categories are rooted in the inherent polyfunctionality of these ‘chameleon’ morphemes: the specific meaning of any instance is affected by the morphosyntactic context in which it occurs. The conclusions are corroborated by a case study of Manambu, a Papuan language with extensive use of cases on nouns and on verbs, as exponents of aspectual and modal meanings and as clause-linking devices.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Linguistics , Volume 44 , Issue 3 , November 2008 , pp. 565 - 603
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

[1]

I would like to express my gratitude to those who taught me Manambu, especially Yuamali Ala, Pauline Yuaneng Laki, Gemaj, Jennie Kudapa:kw and numerous others, and to the Brito and Muniz families for teaching me Tariana. Deepest thanks go to Cynthia Allen, Ellen Basso, Barry J. Blake, Seino van Breugel, David Fleck, Carol Genetti, Luise Hercus, Nerida Jarkey, Brian Joseph, Randy J. LaPolla, Aet Lees, Frank Lichtenberk, and Françoise Rose, and two anonymous JL referees for language data, criticisms, comments and suggestions. I am especially grateful to R. M. W. Dixon, for inspiring comments on every page of this paper. This paper could not have been accomplished without the support of most special friends during the blackest hours of 2008. The data on Manambu and on Tariana come from my own fieldwork (and publications based on it). Data on all other languages come from published sources (listed in the references). For the purposes of this paper, I have consulted over 400 grammars (with special attention to the key areas, noted in appendix 1).

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