Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T16:36:17.451Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The phonology of German /R/*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2008

Tracy Alan Hall
Tracy Alan Hall
Affiliation:
University of Düsseldorf
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The German uvular /R/ probably shows more surface variation than any other segment in the language. (1) illustrates that /R/ has a vocalic allophone [A], which can surface either as a glide or a vowel, a sonorant consonant allophone, which is pronounced as a uvular trill or approximant, and two obstruent allophones:

In the present study I focus on the rules producing the consonantal allophones of /R/ in both Standard German and in certain dialects of the Lower Rhineland (henceforth LRG).

Type
Articles
Information
Phonology , Volume 10 , Issue 1 , May 1993 , pp. 83 - 105
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersen, H. (1972). Diphthongization. Lg 48. 11–50.Google Scholar
Archangeli, D. (1988). Aspects of underspecification theory. Phonology 5. 183–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archangeli, D. & Pulleyblank, D. (1989). Yoruba vowel harmony. LI 20. 173–217.Google Scholar
Avery, P. & Rice, K. (1989). Segment structure and coronal underspecification. Phonology 6. 179–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benware, W. (1986). Phonetics and phonology of Modern German. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Booij, G. (1985). Coordination reduction in complex words: a case for prosodic phonology. In van der Hulst, H. G. & Smith, N. (1985). Advances in nonlinear phonology. Dordrecht: Foris. 143–160.Google Scholar
Booij, G. & Rubach, J. (1987). Postcyclic versus postlexical rules in Lexical Phonology. LI 18. 1–44.Google Scholar
Borowsky, T. (1986). Topics in the lexical phonology of English. PhD dissertation. University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Published 1990, New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Catford, J. C. (1988). A practical introduction to phonetics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Clements, G. N. (1985). The geometry of phonological features. Phonology Yearbook 2. 225–252.Google Scholar
Clements, G. N. (1990). The role of the sonority cycle in core syllabification. In Kingston, J. & Beckman, M. (eds.) Papers in Laboratory Phonology I: between the grammar and physics of speech. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 283–333.Google Scholar
Davis, S. (1991). Coronals and the phonotactics of nonadjacent consonants in English. In Paradis, & Prunet, (1991a). 49–60.Google Scholar
Dikken, M. den & van der Hulst, H. (1988). Segmental hierarchitecture. In van der Hulst, H. & Smith, N. S. H. (eds.) Features, segmental structure and harmony processes. Part 1. Dordrecht: Foris. 1–78.Google Scholar
Genthe, S. (1896). Deutsches r. Le Maitre Phonetique 11. 211–213.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, J. (1987). Toward a theory of vowel systems. CLS 23:2. 116–133.Google Scholar
Griffen, T. (1982). German R. Lingua 56. 297–316.Google Scholar
Griffen, T. (1985). Aspects of dynamic phonology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Guerssel, M. (1978). A condition on assimilation rules. Linguistic Analysis 4. 225–254.Google Scholar
Hall, T. A. (1992). Syllable structure and syllable-related processes in German. Tübingen: Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Hall, T. A. (1993). Remarks on coronal underspecification. Ms, University of Düsseldorf.Google Scholar
Halle, M. (1962). Phonology in generative grammar. Word 18. 54—72.Google Scholar
Harden, T. (1981). Untersuchungen zur R-Realisation im Ruhrgebiet: Analyse einer diatopisch-diastratischen Variation und ihrer Bewertung. Zeitschriftfur Dialektologie und Linguistik. Beiheft40.Google Scholar
Harris, J. (1987). Non-structure-preserving rules in Lexical Phonology: Southeastern Bantu harmony. Lingua 73. 255–292.Google Scholar
Hayes, B. (1986). Inalterability in CV phonology. Lg 62. 321–350.Google Scholar
Hildebrandt, B. & Hildebrandt, L. (1965). Das Deutsche R: Regelhaftigkeiten in der gegenwärtigen Reduktions-Entwicklung und Anwendung im Fremdsprachenunterricht. Linguistics 11. 5–20.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, E. (1892). Aussprache des Deutschen. Le Maitre Phonetique 7. 43.Google Scholar
Hulst, H. G. van der (1989). Atoms of segmental structure: components, gestures and dependency. Phonology 6. 253–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulst, H. G. van der & Smith, N. (eds.) (1982). The structure of phonological representations. Dordrecht: Foris. 1–46.Google Scholar
Hulst, H. G. van der & Smith, N. (eds.) (1988). Features, segmental structure, and harmony processes. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
Kaisse, E. (1992). Can [consonantal] spread? Lg 68. 313–332.Google Scholar
Kaisse, E. & Shaw, P. (1985). On the theory of Lexical Phonology. Phonology Yearbook 2. 1–30.Google Scholar
Keating, P. (1991). Coronal places of articulation. In Paradis, & Prunet, (1991a). 29–48.Google Scholar
Kiparsky, P. (1982). Lexical phonology and morphology. In Yang, I.-S. (ed.) Linguistics in the morning calm. Seoul: Hanshin. 3–91.Google Scholar
Kiparsky, P. (1985). Some consequences of Lexical Phonology. Phonology Yearbook 2. 85–138.Google Scholar
Klinghardt, H. (1896). Deutsches r. Le Maitre Phonetique 11. 24–26.Google Scholar
Kohler, K. (1977). Einführung in die Phonologie des Deutschen. Munich: Erich Schmidt.Google Scholar
Kohler, K. (1990a). Comment on German. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20. 44–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohler, K. (1990b). German. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20. 48–50.Google Scholar
Koutsoudas, K., Sanders, G. & Noll, C. (1974). The application of phonological rules. Lg 50. 1–20.Google Scholar
Kramer, W. (1979). Akustische-phonetische Untersuchungen zum vokalischen /R/ Allophone des Deutschen. Hamburg: Buske.Google Scholar
Krech, E. et al. (eds.) (1982). Grobes Wörterbuch der deutschen Aussprache. Leipzig: VEB Bibliographisches Institut.Google Scholar
Ladefoged, P. (1990). The revised International Phonetic Alphabet. Lg 66. 550–552.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. (1988). Feature geometry and dependency: a review. Phonetica 45. 84–108.Google Scholar
Macfarland, T. & Pierrehumbert, J. (1991). On ich-Laut, ach-Laut and Structure Preservation. Phonology 8. 171–180.Google Scholar
Mangold, M. et al. (eds.) (1974). Aussprachewörterbuch: der grobe Duden 6. Mannheim: Bibliographisches Institut.Google Scholar
Mester, R. A. & Ito, J. (1989). Feature predictability and underspecification: palatal prosody in Japanese mimetics. Lg 65. 258–293.Google Scholar
Meyer-Eppler, W. (1959). Zur Spektralstruktur der /r/-Allophone des Deutschen. Acustica (Beiheft 9).Google Scholar
Moulton, W. (1962). The sounds of English and German. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Nespor, M. & Vogel, I. (1986). Prosodic phonology. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
Newton, G. (1989). Central Franconian. In Russ, C. (ed.) The dialects of Modern German. Standford: Standford University Press. 136–209.Google Scholar
Paradis, C. & Prunet, J.-F. (eds.) (1991a). The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Paradis, C. & Prunet, J.-F. (1991b). Asymmetry and visibility in consonant articulations. In Paradis, & Prunet, (1991a). 1–28.Google Scholar
Piggott, G. (1988). A parametric approach to nasal harmony. In van der Hulst, & Smith, (1988). 131–167.Google Scholar
Poser, W. (1982). Phonological representations and action-at-a-distance. In van der Hulst, & Smith, (1982). 121–158.Google Scholar
Reed, C. E. (1947). A survey of Pennsylvania German phonology. Modern Language Quarterly 8. 276–289.Google Scholar
Rice, K. (1990). Predicting rule domains in the phrasal phonology. In Inkelas, S. & Zee, D. (eds.) The phonology-syntax connection. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 289–312.Google Scholar
Rubach, J. (1990). Final devoicing and cyclic syllabification in German. LI 21. 79–94.Google Scholar
Sagey, E. (1986). The representation of features and relations in non-linear phonology. PhD dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Saporta, S. (1965). Ordered rules, dialect differences and historical processes. Lg 41. 218–224.Google Scholar
Schubiger, M. (1977). Einfiihrung in die Phonetik. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Selkirk, E. (1984). On the major class features and syllable theory. In Aronoff, M. & Oehrle, R. (eds.) Language sound structure. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 107–136.Google Scholar
Spieser, H. (1895). Deutsches r. Le Maitre Phonetique 10. 211–213.Google Scholar
Steriade, D. (1987). Redundant values. CLS 23:2. 339–362.Google Scholar
Trubetzkoy, N. S. (1989). Grundzüge der Phonologie. Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Ulbrich, H. (1972). Instrumental-phonetisch-auditive R-Untersuchungen im Deutschen. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.Google Scholar
Vennemann, T. (1972). On the theory of syllabic phonology. Linguistische Berichte 18. 1–18.Google Scholar
Vennemann, T. (1978). Universal syllabic phonology. Theoretical Linguistics 5. 175–215.Google Scholar
Wiese, R. (1988). Silbische und lexikalische Phonologie: Studien zum Chinesischen und Deutschen. Tübingen: Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Wiese, R. (1993). The phonology of German. Ms, University of Düsseldorf.Google Scholar
Yip, M. (1991). Coronals, consonant clusters and the coda condition. In Paradis, & Prunet, (1991a). 181–200.Google Scholar