Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2024-05-16T11:06:32.471Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The biology and economic importance of rice aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae): a review1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Kôji Yano ,
Toshiro Miyake  and
V. F. Eastop
Kôji Yano
Affiliation:
Faunal and biological studies on the insects of paddy fields in Asia. VII.
Toshiro Miyake
Affiliation:
Biological ' Chemical Research Station, Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd.Shiraoka, Saitama, 349–02, Japan
V. F. Eastop
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), London SW7 5BD, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The biology and economic status of aphids attacking rice throughout the world is reviewed, as is the literature concerning other aphids found in or near irrigated rice fields but not usually infesting rice. Altogether, 37 species of aphids belonging to seventeen genera are considered. The aphids are dealt with in two similar–sized groups according to their feeding sites, namely root–feeding and leaf–, stem– and ear–feeding species. Aphis craccivora Koch and Myzus persicae (Sulz.) are regarded as ‘occasional rice aphids’ as they are found on rice occasionally but do not regularly infest rice plants. A. gossypü Glov. is treated as a ‘rice aphid’ although its occurrence on rice plants is also sporadic. In addition to the literature survey, additional information is given based on field collections and observations, on the rice aphid component of more than 18 000 aphids trapped in yellow pan traps, on the natural enemies reared and collected and from laboratory experiments in Japan. Unpubished information was also extracted from the data labels of the British Museum (Natural History) aphid collection. The ecological relationships between rice aphids and aphids associated with weeds near irrigated rice fields in the Yamaguchi area of Japan is discussed. Three of the rice aphids were found on 22 species of weeds and the three ‘occasional rice aphids’ also occured on 22 species of weeds. A total of 43 species of weeds harboured aphids.

Type
Review Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 73 , Issue 4 , December 1983 , pp. 539 - 566
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akibo-Betts, D. T., Raymundo, S. A. (1978). Aphids as rice pests in Sierra Leone. —Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 3 (6), 15–16.Google Scholar
Akinlosotu, T. A. (1980). Outbreak of the rusty plum aphid, Hysteroneura setariae Th. (Homoptera, Aphididae), on rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Ibadan, Nigeria. — Ghana J. Agr. Sci. 10, 149–150.Google Scholar
Angus, A. (1964). Annotated list of plant pests, diseases and fungi in Northern Rhodesia recorded at the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Mount Mukulu Research Station, to 1962. Part 6 (M to Q). — 63 pp. Zambia, Mt Mukulu Res. Stn.Google Scholar
Anon (Kumamoto Pref.)(1900). Occurrence of insect pests [in Japanese]. — Kanpo (Official Gazette) 28 June 1900, p. 406.Google Scholar
Anon (Kyoto Pref.)(1901 a). Occurrence of insect pests [in Japanese]. —Kanpo — (Official Gazette). 26 June 1901, p. 476.Google Scholar
Anon (Kyoto Pref.) (1901 b). Occurrence of insect pests [in Japanese]. —Kanpo —(Official Gazette). 29 June 1901, p. 522Google Scholar
Anon (Iwate Pref.) (1902). Occurrence of insect pests [in Japanese]. —Kanpo —(Official Gazette). 4 October 1902, p. 84.Google Scholar
Anon (Agric. Exp. Stn Kyushu Branch) (1909 a). Result of the yield of rice cultivation [in Japanese]. — Kanpo (Official Gazette). 23 December 1909, p. 664.Google Scholar
Anon (Aichi Pref.) (1909 b). Result of the yield of rice cultivation [in Japanese]. — Kanpo (Official Gazette). 24 December 1909, p. 706.Google Scholar
Anon (Agric. Exp. Stn Kyushu Branch) (1910). State of summer crops [in Japanese]. — Kanpo (Official Gazette). 8 August 1910, p. 126.Google Scholar
Anon (Agric. Exp. Stn Kyushu Branch) (1911 a). State of summer crops [in Japanese]. — Kanpo (Official Gazette). 12 August 1911, p. 236.Google Scholar
Anon (Agric. Exp. Stn Kyushu Branch) (1911 b). State of summer crops [in Japanese]. — Kanpo (Official Gazette). 28 September 1911, p. 630.Google Scholar
Anon (Agric. Exp. Stn Kyushu Branch) (1911 c). Result of the yield of rice cultivation [in Japanese]. — Kanpo (Official Gazette). 27 December 1911, p. 734.Google Scholar
Anon (Ibaraki Agric. Exp. Stn)(1932). Surveys on the root aphids of upland rice [in Japanese]. — Ibaraki Agr. Exp. Sta. Gyomu Kotei. 1930, 285–288.Google Scholar
Anon (Ibaraki Agric. Exp. Stn)(1933). Surveys on the root aphids of upland rice [in Japanese]. — Byochugai Zasshi. 20, 807–808.Google Scholar
Baker, A. C. (1921). An undescribed aphid injurious to rice in the Philippine islands. — Mon. Bull. Calif. State Dep. Agric. 10, 159–160.Google Scholar
Baltazar, C. R. (1962). New pests of wheat. — Pl Prot. Bull. F.A.O. 10, 146—147.Google Scholar
Baltazar, C. R. (1968). Supplementary host list and checklist of Philippine plant pests. — Philipp. J. Sci. 97, 177–227.Google Scholar
Banerjee, S. N., Basu, A. N. (1956). The rice root aphid in West Bengal. –Pl. Prot. Bull. F.A.O. 5, 29.Google Scholar
Bänziger, H. (1976). Keys for the identification of aphids (Homoptera). I. Winged aphids of species economically important in Thailand. — Tech. Bull. Pl. Prot. Serv. F.A.O. no. 36, 41 pp.Google Scholar
Belli, G., Amici, A., Corbetta, G., Osler, R. (1974). The “giallume” disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.). — Acta Biol. Jugoslav. (B) 11, 101–107.Google Scholar
Belli, G., Corbetta, G. & Osler, R. (1975). Ricerche e osservazioni sull'epidemiologia e sulle possibilità di prevenzione del “ giallume ” del riso. 'Riso. 24, 359–363.Google Scholar
Blanchard, E. E. (1939). Estudio sistematico de los Afidoieos argentinos. — Physis. 17, 857–1003.Google Scholar
Bodenheimer, F. S., Swirski, E. (1957). The Aphidoidea of the Middle East. — 378 pp. Jerusalem, Weizmann Sci. Press.Google Scholar
Calilung, V. J. (1967). A faunistic study of Philippine aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae). — Philipp. Agric. 51, 93–170.Google Scholar
Calilung, V. J. (1968). A faunistic study of Philippine aphids (Aphididae: Homoptera) II. — Philipp. Agric. 52, 393–429.Google Scholar
Calilung, V. J. (1976). New records and additional notes on Philippine aphids (Aphidoidea: Homoptera). — Philipp. Agric. 60, 147–173.Google Scholar
Capco, S. R. (1960). A list of plant pests of the Philippines, with special reference to field crops, fruit trees and vegetables. — Philipp. J. Agric. 22, 3–80.Google Scholar
Cie(Commonwealth Institute of Entomology) (1971). Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki). —Distrib. Maps Insect Pests (A) nos. 288 and 289.Google Scholar
Dani, R. C., Majumdar, N. (1978). Preliminary observations on the incidence of root aphids on different rice cultivars. — Sci. Cult. 44, 88–89.Google Scholar
David, S. K. (1975). A taxonomic review of Macrosiphum (Homoptera: Aphididae) in India. — Orient. Insects. 9, 461–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, S. K., Rajasingh, S. G., Narayanan, K. (1967). The rusty plum aphid, Hysteroneura setariae (Thomas) in southern India. — J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 64, 380–381.Google Scholar
De Lépiney, J., Mimeur, J. M. (1932). Notes d'entomologie agricole et forestière du Maroc. — Mém. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc no. 31, 195.Google Scholar
Doncaster, J. P. (1956). The rice root aphid. — Bull. ent. Res. 47, 741–747.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eastop, V. F. (1955). Selection of aphid species by different kinds of insect traps. — Nature, Lond. 176, 936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eastop, V. F. (1961). A study of the Aphididae (Homoptera) of West Africa. — 93 pp. London, British Museum (Nat. Hist.).Google Scholar
Eastop, V. F. (1966). A taxonomic study of Australian Aphidoidea. — Aust. J. Zool. 14, 399–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eastop, V. F., Hille Ris Lambers, D. (1976). Survey of the world's aphids. — 573 pp. The Hague, Junk.Google Scholar
Essig, E. O. (1953). Some new and noteworthy Aphidae from western and southern South America (Hemiptera–Homoptera). — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 28, 59—164.Google Scholar
Essig, E. O., Kuwana, S. I. (1918). Some Japanese Aphididae. — Prof. Calif. Acad. Sci. 8, 35–112.Google Scholar
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (1972). Rice pests, diseases and weeds in Southeast Asia and Pacific Region.— Tech. Docum. FAO Pl. Prot. Comm. SE Asia ' Pacif. Reg. no. 21 (revised), 21 pp. (Mimeographed).Google Scholar
Garg, A. K., Sethi, G. R. (1976). Occurrence of rusty plum aphid, on rice in Delhi. — Entomologist's Newsletter. 6, 27.Google Scholar
Garg, A. K. ' Sethi, G. R. (1978). Biology and seasonal incidence of Carolinaia (Hysleroneura), setariae (Thomas) infesting paddy in Delhi. — Indian J. Ent. 40, 221–223.Google Scholar
George, C. J. (1925). Root–sucking aphids of Coimbatore. — J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. (N.S.). 20, 307–311.Google Scholar
Ghosh, A. K. (1974). A list of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) from India and adjacent countries. — J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 71, 201–225.Google Scholar
Ghosh, A. K. (1977). Additions to the list of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) from India and adjacent countries. — J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 74, 29–44.Google Scholar
Ghouri, A. S. K. (1960). Insect pests of Pakistan. — Tech. Docum. FAO Pl. Prot. Comm. SE Asia 'Pacif. Reg. no. 8, 31 pp. (Mimeographed).Google Scholar
Goidanich, A. (1943). Contributi alia conoscenza delFentomofauna di risaia. VI. Due Coccinellleigrofile e pollinivore sul riso. — Risicoltura. 33, 145–156, 169–177.Google Scholar
Grist, D. H., Lever, R. J. A. W. (1969). Pests of rice. — 520 pp. London, Longmans.Google Scholar
Hagen, K. S., Vandenbosch, R. (1968). Impact of pathogens, parasites, and predators on aphids. — A. Rev. Ent. 13, 325–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higuchi, H. ' Miyazaki, M. (1969). A tentative catalogue of host plants of Aphidoidea it Japan.— Insecta matsum. suppl. 5, 66 pp.Google Scholar
Hill, D. S. (1975). Agricultural insect pests of the tropics and their control.— 516 pp.Cambridge, Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Hillerislambers, D. (1939). Contributions to a monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. II. Temminckia. 4, 134 pp.Google Scholar
Hille Ris Lambers, D. (1948). On Palestine aphids, with descriptions of new subgenera and new species (Homoptera, Aphididae). — Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 99, 269–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hille Ris Lambers, D. (1955). Aphididae of Tristan da Cunha. — Results Norw. scient. Exped Tristan da Cunha. 34, 5 pp.Google Scholar
Hille Ris Lambers, D. (1970). A study of Tetraneura Hartig, 1841 (Homoptera, Aphididae), with descriptions of a new subgenus and new species.— Boll. Zool. agr. Bachic (ser. II) 9, 21–101.Google Scholar
Hinckley, A. D. (1963). Insect pests of rice in Fiji.— Pl. Prot. Bull. F.A.O. 11, 31–33.Google Scholar
Hori, M. (1926). Biological studies on the Aphididae of Hokkaido. I. Rhopalosiphum avenae Fabricius [in Japanese].— Rep. Hokkaido agric. Exp. Stn no. 17, 1–49.Google Scholar
Hori, M. (1929). Studies on the noteworthy species of plant–lice (Aphididae) in Hokkaido [in Japanese]. — Rep. Hokkaido agric. Exp. Stn. no. 23, 163 pp.Google Scholar
Hsieh, C. Y. (1970 a). The aphids attacking rice plants in Taiwan (I). Studies on the biology of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Aphidae, Homoptera) [in Chinese]. — Pl. Prot. Bull. Taiwan. 12, 12–13.Google Scholar
Hsieh, C. Y. (1970 b). The aphids attacking rice plants in Taiwan (II). Studies on the biology of thired rice root aphid, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki) (Aphidae, Homoptera). — Pl. Prot. Bull., Taiwan. 12, 68–78.Google Scholar
Ichimaru, M., Suenaga, H. (1955). On the insect pattern occurred in the paddy rice field cultured in late period [in Japanese]. — Kyushu agric. Res. 16, 111.Google Scholar
Inaizumi, M. (1970). Primary host plants for Aphis gossypü Glover, and its landing on secondary host plants [in Japanese]. — Jap. J. appl. Ent. Zool. 14, 29–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishikura, H., Itô, Y., Miyashita, K., Ito, Y. (1957). Some notes on the ecology of root aphids injuring upland rice crop, with special reference to ants attending them [in Japanese]. — Jap. J. appl. Ent. Zool. 1, 135–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ito, Y. (1955). Notes on the host plants of three species of barley aphids (Studies on the mechanism of ecological segregation of barley aphids, III) [in Japanese]. — Jap. J. Ecol. 5, 10–14.Google Scholar
Kas'yanov, A. I. (1970). The cereal aphid on rice crops [in Russian]. — Zashch. Rast. 15, 16–17.Google Scholar
Kas'yanov, A. I., Agarkov, V. M., Panchenko, R. A. (1980). Low–volume spraying of rice [in Russian]. — Zashch. Rast. 1980 (7), 30.Google Scholar
Kato, M. (1951). Ecology and control of Agromyza oryzella and Lema oryzae, 1 [in Japanese]. — Agriculture Hon., Tokyo. 26, 141–144, 225–227.Google Scholar
Kazino, Y. (1981). Seasonal prevalence and control of the rice aphids [in Japanese]. — Ann. Rep. Pl. Prot. N. Japan no. 32, 14–15.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T., Noguchi, Y., Hiwada, T., Kanayama, K., Maruoka, N. (1973). Studies on the arthropod associations in paddy fields, with particular reference to insecticidal effect on them I. General composition of the arthropod fauna in paddy fields revealed by net–sweeping in Tokushima Prefecture [in Japanese]. — Kontyû. 41, 359–373.Google Scholar
Kring, J. B. (1967). Alighting of aphids on colored cards in a flight chamber. — J. econ. Ent. 60 1207–1210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kring, J. B. (1969). Behavioral response of winged bean aphids to colored fluorescent lamps. — J. econ. Ent. 62, 1450–1455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kring, J. B. (1970). Determining the number of aphids over reflective surfaces. — J. econ. Ent. 63, 1350–1353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuwana, I. (1925). Noyo Konchu–gaku Kogi [Agricultural entomology] [in Japanese]. — 446 pp. Tokyo, Seibido.Google Scholar
Kuwayama, S. (1952). On the fauna of insects injurious to the rice plant in Japan. — Trans. 9th Int. Congr. Ent. 1., 805–809.Google Scholar
Kuwayama, S. (1954). Investigations on the insect pests of the rice plant in Hokkaido and their control [in Japanese]. — Rep. Hokkaido natn. agric. Exp. Stn. no. 46, 106 pp.Google Scholar
Lange, W. H., Grigarick, A. A., Davis, C. S., Miller, M. A., Miller, M. D., Washino, R. K., Rosenberg, L. E., Rudd, R. L., Jameson, E. W. (1970). Insect and other animal pests of rice. — Circ. Calif, agric. Exp. Stn Ext. Serv. no. 555, 32 pp.Google Scholar
Lever, R. J. A. W. (1946). The aphids or green flies of Fiji. — Agric. J. Dep. Agric. Fiji. 17, 81.Google Scholar
Luk'yanchikov, V. P., Sorokina, Z. A. (1979). Virus disease of rice [in Russian]. — Zashch. Rast. 1979(12), 35–36.Google Scholar
Matsumura, S. (1899). Nihon Gaichu Hen [Injurious insects of Japan] pt. 2 [in Japanese]. —5 + 266 + 32 pp. Tokyo, Shoka-shobo (as single volume format 10 + 22 + 2+1–238 + 4 + 239– 505 + 32 pp. [aphids on pp. 365–379]).Google Scholar
>Matsumura, S. (1906). Nihon Gaichu Mokuroku [List of Japanese injurious insects] [in Japanese]. — 154 pp. Tokyo, Rokumeikan.Google Scholar
Matsumura, S. (1910). Dainihon Gaichu Zensho [Manual of Japanese injurious insects], vol. 1 [in Japanese]. — 338 pp. Tokyo, Rokumeikan.Google Scholar
Matsumura, S. (1917 a). A list of Aphididae of Japan with descriptions of new species and genera. — J. Coll. Agric. Tohoku imp. Univ. 7, 351–419.Google Scholar
Matsumura, S. (1917 b). Oyo Konchu Gaku [Applied entomology], vol. 1 [in Japanese]. — 731 pp. Tokyo, Keisei-sha.Google Scholar
Matsumura, S (1920). Dainihon Gaichu Zensho [Manual of Japanese injurious insects], vol. 1 (revdedn) [in Japanese]. —858 + 321 pp. Tokyo,Rokumeikan.Google Scholar
Matsumura, S. (1930). No Konchu Gaku [Agricultural entomology] [in Japanese]. — 339 pp. Tokyo, Toe-shoin.Google Scholar
Matsumura, S. (1931). Nihon Konchu Daizukan [6000 illustrated insects of Japan-Empire] [in Japanese].— 1497 + 23 pp. Tokyo, Toe–shoin.Google Scholar
Metcalf, C. L., Flint, W. P. (1928). Destructive and useful insects. — 918 pp. New York, MacGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Mimeur, J. M. (1934). Aphididae du Maroc (Troisième Note). — Mem. Soc. Sci. nat. Phys. Maroc. 40, 1–71.Google Scholar
Mimeur, J. M. (1941). Aphididae nord-africains.— Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc. 21, 67–70.Google Scholar
Minobe, S., Fujii, K. (1903). Surveys and researches on the root aphids [in Japanese].— Spec. Rep. Aichi agric. Exp. Stn no. 1, 1—47.Google Scholar
Mitić Mužina, N., Srdić, Ž. (1977). Rasprostranjenost i prirodni neprijatelji Macrosiphum (Sitobium) avenae Fabr. (Homoptera, Aphidoidea) u Jugoslaviji. — Zašt. Bilja. 28, 255–267.Google Scholar
Miura, T. (1969). Studies on the insect association of crop field in San–in District. 5. On the insect association of growing rice plant in protected and lowland rice–nurseries [in Japanese]. — Bull. Ass. Pl. Prot. Shimane Pref. 3, 1–12.Google Scholar
Miura, T., Fukuda, A. (1968). Studies on the association of crop field in San–in District. 4. Influence of insecticide on the structure of insect community in paddy field [in Japanese]. — Bull. Fac. Agric. Shimane Univ. 2, 22–30.Google Scholar
Miyahara, Y., Kawahara, S., Ueno, N. (1968). In–furrow treatments of aldrin and disyston for control of the rice root aphid, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis Sasaki, in relation to the applied sites in soils [in Japanese]. — Proc. Ass. Pl. Prot., Kyushu. 14, 31–34.Google Scholar
Miyake, T., Hamasaki, S., Yano, K. (1980). Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), a new pest of rice [in Japanese]. — ôdÔkôkon-Chûgoku. 22, 1–2.Google Scholar
Miyazaki, M. (1971). A revision of the tribe Macrosiphini of Japan (Homoptera: Aphididae, Aphidinae). — Insecta matsum. 34, 1–242.Google Scholar
Miyazaki, M. (1980). A revision of the genus Vesiculaphis del Guercio, with descriptions of four new species (Homoptera: Aphididae). — Insecta matsum. (N.S.) 20, 43–83.Google Scholar
Moericke, V. (1969). Hostplant specific colour behaviour by Hyalopterus pruni(Aphididae). — Entomologia exp. appl. 12, 524–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mordvilko, A. (1921). Aphids of Gramineae(Aphidoidea). — Izv. sev. oblast. sta. Zashch. Rast. Vredit. 3, 1–72 [In Russian: English translation of keys by B. P. Uvarov (1922) Bull. ent. Res. 13, 25–39]Google Scholar
Moritsu, M. (1950). Aphididae [in Japanese]. —pp. 336–356 in Ishii, T. et al. (Eds.). Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum. —2nd edn, 1738 pp. Tokyo, Hokuryukan.Google Scholar
Moritsu, M. (1954). Food plant list of injurious aphids in East Asia. — Bull. Fac. Agric. Yamaguli Univ. 5, 135–148.Google Scholar
Murata, T. (1915). Beibaku no Gaichu to Yobo-kujo [Insect pests of rice and barley and their control] [in Japanese]. — 364 pp. Tokyo, Kosando.Google Scholar
Myrzin, A. S., Shilovskii, V. N. (1980). The reaction of rice varieties to infestations by aphids [in Russian]. — Zashch. Rast. 1980(12), 32–33.Google Scholar
Nagano, M., Nakasuga, T., Higuchi, T. (1968). Ecological observation and the control of Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis Sasaki in direct sowing rice of dry field [in Japanese]. — Proc. Ass. Pl. Prot., Kyushu. 14, 29–31.Google Scholar
Nevskii, V. P. (1929). The aphids of Central Asia [in Russian]. — Uzbekistan Exp. Stn Pl. Prot. Stn, no. 16, 424 pp.Google Scholar
Nieto Nafría, J. M., Dorrego, J. B. (1976). Los pulgones (Horn., Aphidinea) de las plantas cultivadas en España, II. Cereales.— Boletin del Servicio de Defensa contra Plagas e Inspecion Fitopatologica. 2, 225—245.Google Scholar
Okajima, G. (1928). On the distribution in Japan of insects injurious to the rice plant with reference to their presence in adjacent parts of the Orient. — Proc. 3rd Pan–Pac. Sci. Congr. 2, 2050–2067.Google Scholar
Okajima, G. (1931). A check list of injurious insects of rice plant which are hitherto recorded in Kiushiu [in Japanese]. — Trans, nat. Hist. Soc. Kagoshima imp. Coll. Agric. For. 2, 259–262.Google Scholar
Okajima, G. (1934). Insects affecting rice plant in Kiushu and their distribution [in Japanese]. — Bull. Kagoshima imp. Coll. Agric. For. 1, 537–615.Google Scholar
Okamoto, H., Takahashi, R. (1927). Some Aphididae from Corea. — Insecta matsum. 1, 130–148.Google Scholar
Olmi, M. (1971). Studi sulla entomofauna di risaia, III: primo endofago di Sipha glyceriae (Kalten– bach), il calcidoideo Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera Aphelinidae).— Boll. Soc. ent.ital. 103, 47–51.Google Scholar
Olmi, M., Villani, A. (1975). Studi sulla entomofauna di risaia. Biologia dell'afide italiano del riso Sipha glyceriae (Kaltenbach) e metodi di lotta. — Riso. 25, 59–71.Google Scholar
Osler, R., Amici, A., Belli, G. (1974). Transmission of rice “giallume” by an aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi. — Revista di Patologia Vegetal (Ser. IV). 10, 1–15.Google Scholar
Osler, R., Amici, A., Belli, G. (1977). Possible ways of controlling rice ‘ giallume ’. — Ann. Phytopathol. 9, 347–351.Google Scholar
Osler, R., Longoni, C. E. (1975). Mancata transmissione del giallume del riso mediante l'afide Sipha glyceriae. — Riso. 25, 73–76.Google Scholar
Otanes, F. Q., Sison, P. L. (1941). Pests of rice. — Philipp. J. Agric. 12, 211–259.Google Scholar
Paik, W. H. (1963). Aphids of Korea. — 160 pp. Seoul, Publ. Seoul Nat. Univ.Google Scholar
Pal, P. K., Raychaudhuri, D. N. (1978). A note on the aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) infesting subaerial parts of grasses and sedges in North East India. — Sci. Cult. 44, 275—276.Google Scholar
Passerini, G. (1860). Gli Afidi con un prospetto dei generi et alcane specie nuove italiane. — 40 pp. Parma, [said to be reprinted with corrections from Giornale i Giardini. 8 (1856 1857)]Google Scholar
Patch, E. M. (1938). Food–plant catalogue of the aphids of the world, including the Phyllox–eridae. — Bull. Me Agric. Exp. Stn no. 393, 35–431.Google Scholar
Pawar, A. D. (1974). Collection and identification of insect pests of rice. —2 + 67 + 3 pp. Terminal Rep. IRRI. (Mimeographed.).Google Scholar
Pholboon, P. (1965). A host list of the insects of Thailand. — 149 pp. Dep. Agric Royal Thai Govt.Google Scholar
Pradhan, S. (1967). Strategy of integrated pest control. — Indian J. Ent. 29, 105–122.Google Scholar
Rai, P. S. (1975). Tetraneura radicicola Strand (Homoptera: Aphididae), a new pest of rice seedlings. — Curr. Sci. 44, 486–487.Google Scholar
Raychaudhuri, D. N., Banerjee, C. (1974). A study of the genus Melanaphis (Homoptera: Aphididae) with descriptions of new taxa from India. — Orient. Insects. 8, 365–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raychaudhuri, D. N., Pal, P. K., Ghosh, M. R. 1978). Root-infesting aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae: Pemphiginae) from North East India. — Entomon. 3, 239–264.Google Scholar
Richards, W. R. (1960). A synopsis of the genus Rhopalosiphum in Canada (Homoptera: Aphididae). — Can. Ent. suppl. 13, 51 pp.Google Scholar
Richards, W. R. (1976). A host index for species of Aphidoidea described during 1935 to 1969. — Can. Ent. 108, 499–550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, A. G. (1972). Annotated list of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) collected in Thailand, with description of a new genus and species. — Can. Ent. 104, 603–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sasaki, C. (1899). Nihon Nosakumotsu Gaichu Hen [Manual of insect pests of crops in Japan] [in Japanese]. — 439 pp. Tokyo, Keigyosha.Google Scholar
Sasaki, C. (1919). Sakumotsu Gaichu Hen [Manual of crop insects] [in Japanese], — 242 pp. Tokyo, Okura–shoten.Google Scholar
Setokuchi, O. (1980). Ecology of Longiunguis sacchari (Zehntner) (Homoptera: Aphididae) [in Japanese]. — Bull. Kagoshima Agric. Exp. Stn. no. 8, 1–41.Google Scholar
Shin, Y. H. (1970). On the bionomics of Itoplectis narangae (Ashmead) (Ichneumonidae, Hymenoptera). — J. Fac. Agric. Kyushu Univ. 16, 1–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shinji, O. (1941). Nihon Aburamushi Sosetsu [Monograph of Japanese Aphididae] [in Japanese]. — 1215 pp. Tokyo, Shukyosha-Shoin.Google Scholar
Shinji, O. (1944). Chuei to Chuei–konchu [Insect galls and gall insects] [in Japanese]. — 580 pp. Tokyo, Shunyo-do.Google Scholar
Shiraki, T. (1934). Taiwan Nosakubutsu Gaichu Bojo Yoran [Outline on control of Formosan injurious insects] [in Japanese]. — 2, 1–144.Google Scholar
Sorin, M. (1965). Aphididae [in Japanese]. — pp. 137–146 in Asahina, S. et al. . (Eds.). Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum Colore naturali edita 3. — 358 pp. Tokyo, Hokuryukan.Google Scholar
Suenaga, H. (1937 a). Notes on the rice root aphids [in Japanese]. — Jap. J. appl. Zool. 9, 150–152.Google Scholar
Suenaga, H. (1937 b). Root aphids of upland rice [in Japanese]. — Nogyo Kenkyu. 7, 988.Google Scholar
Suenaga, H. (1952). On the seasonal abundance of three subterranean aphids on upland rice [in Japanese]. — Bull. Kyushu agric. Exp. Stn. no. 1, 249–262.Google Scholar
Sugiyama, S., Kawase, E. (1951). A preliminary note on the autumn occurrence of Macrosiphum granarium Kirby [in Japanese]. — Oyo–Kontyu. 7, 64.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1921). Aphididae of Formosa. Part 1.— 97 pp. Taihoku, Agric. Exp. Stn, Govt Formosa.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1923). Aphididae of Formosa. Part 2. — Rep. Dep. Agric. Govt Res. Inst. Formosa no. 4, 173 pp.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1931). Aphididae of Formosa. Part 6. — Rep. Dep. Agric. Govt Res. Inst. Formosa no. 53, 127 pp.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1964). Macrosiphum of Japan (Aphididae). — Kontyû. 32, 353–359.Google Scholar
Takahashi, S. (1916). Futsu Sakumotsu no Gaichu [Injurious insects of common crops] [in Japanese]. — 246 pp. Tokyo, Shokado.Google Scholar
Takahashi, Y. (1948). Nogyo Gaichu Hen [Agricultural insect pests] [in Japanese]. — 398 pp. Tokyo, Yokendo.Google Scholar
Takara, T., Azuma, S. (1970). The insect pests affecting agricultural crops in the Iriomote Islands, Southern Ryukyus [in Japanese]. — Okinawa Nogyo. 9, 19–30.Google Scholar
Tan, J. P. (1924). The rice root aphis (Dryopeia hirsuta A. C. Baker). — Philipp. Agric. 13, 277–288.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T. (1952). Ecology and control of root aphids of upland rice [in Japanese]. — Agriculture Hort., Tokyo. 30, 310–312.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T. (1953). Early control of upland rice root aphids by soil insecticides (preliminary report)[in Japanese]. — Oyo-Kontyu. 9, 121.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T. (1957). Taxonomy and distribution of some subterranean aphids injurious to the upland rice in Japan with description of a new species lsqb;in Japanese]. — Botyu-Kagaku. 22, 168—176.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T. (1961). The rice root aphids, their ecology and control [in Japanese]. — Spec. Bull. Coll. Agric. Utsunomiya no. 10, 83 pp.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T (1975). Life cycle and keys to the species of injurious aphids to the agricultural plants in Japan (1) [in Japanese]. — Rostria. 24, 143–148.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T. (1976). [Aphids injurious to vegetables] [in Japanese]. — 220 pp. Tokyo, Japan Pl. Prot. Ass.Google Scholar
Tao, C. C. C. (1962). Revision of Chinese Aphinae. — Pl. Prot. Bull., Taiwan. 4, 95–110.Google Scholar
Tao, C. C. C. (1963). Revision of Chinese Macrosiphinae (Aphidae, Homoptera). — Pl. Prot. Bull., Taiwan. 5, 162–205.Google Scholar
Tao, C. C. C. (1968). Aphid fauna of China [in Chinese]. — Sci. Yb. Taiwan Mus. 11, 1–56.Google Scholar
Tao, C. C. C. (1970). Revision of Chinese Eriosomatinae, Aphidae, Homoptera. — Q. Jl Taiwan Mus. 23, 125–149.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. T. S. (1962). De plagen van enkele cultuur–gewassen in West Nieuw Guinea [Checklist of pests on some crops in West Irian]. — Bull. Dep. Econ. Affairs (agric. ser.). 1962 (1), 125 pp.Google Scholar
Utida, S. (Ed.) (1951). Gaichu pocket book, 1. Shuyo shokuryo sakumotsu. [Pocket book of insect pests, 1. Major food crops] [in Japanese]. — 236 pp. Tokyo, Sangyo–tosho.Google Scholar
Van Heurn, W. C(1923). De schadelijke insecten van de rijstplant op Java. — Meded. Inst. Plziekt., Batavia no. 61, 151 pp.Google Scholar
Vickerman, G. P., Wratten, S. D. (1979). The biology and pest status of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Europe: a review. — Bull. ent. Res. 69, 1–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, H. G. (1962). Preliminary list of insects and mites recorded on paddy rice. — 63 pp. Rome, FAO. (Mimeographed.)Google Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. (1922). A survey of the more important economic insects and mites of Egypt. — Bull. Sultanic Agric. Soc, Cairo no. 1, 477 pp.Google Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. (1925). The insect and related pests of Egypt. Volume II. Insects and mites feeding on gramineous crops and products in the field, granary and mill (rice pp. 331–353). —418 pp. Cairo, Tech. Sect. Sultanic Agric. Soc.Google Scholar
Wilson, H. F., Vickery, R. A. (1918). A species list of the Aphididae of the world and their recorded food plants. — Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 19, 22–355.Google Scholar
Yago, M. (1943). Sakumotsu Byo-gaichu Bojoshiryo [A list of insects injurious to rice, barley andwheat] [in Japanese]. — 3, 1–52. Shizuoka, Shizuoka-ken Nokai.Google Scholar
Yano, K. (1978). Faunal and biological studies on the insects of paddy fields in Asia. Part I.Introduction and Sciomyzidae from Asia (Diptera). — Esakia. 11, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yano, K., Miura, T., Noharak, , Wongsiri, T., Resma, P. W., Lee, L. H. Y. (1975). Preliminary evaluation on the use of a modified Malaise trap in paddy fields. — Mushi. 48, 125–144.Google Scholar
Yano, K., Ohmura, K., Okuno, T. (1979). Faunal and biological studies on the insects of paddy fields in Asia. Part III. Syrphidae from Japan (Diptera). — Bull. Fac. Agric. Yamaguti Univ.no.30, 13–38.Google Scholar
Yasumatsu, K., Wongsiri, T., Tirawat, C., Wongsiri, N., Lewvanich, A. (1981). Contribution to the development of integrated rice pest control in Thailand. — 204 pp. Tokyo, JICA.Google Scholar
Yoshimeki, M. (1954).Associative ecology of injurious insects in the paddy field with special reference to the after effect of BHC dusting [in Japanese]. — Jap. J. Ecol. 4, 129–131.Google Scholar
Yoshimeki, M., Sasaki, T. (1954). Synecological analysis of the seasonal succession of insect association found in the BHC dusted paddy field and natural one [in Japanese]. — Bull.Inst. Agric. Res. Tohoku Univ. no.6, 27–33.Google Scholar
Yunus, A. (1967). Insect pests of rice in Malaysia. Part I. Malayan region. —pp. 617–633 in The major insect pests of the rice plant. Proceedings of a symposium at the International Rice Research Institute, September, 1964. — 729 pp. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, E. C. (1948). Homoptera: Sternorhyncha. — Insects Hawaii. 5, 464 pp.Google Scholar