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Phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma vivax supports the separation of South American/West African from East African isolates and a new T. vivax-like genotype infecting a nyala antelope from Mozambique

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 August 2008

A. C. RODRIGUES
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
L. NEVES
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
H. A. GARCIA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
L. B. VIOLA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
A. MARCILI
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
F. MAIA DA SILVA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
I. SIGAUQUE
Affiliation:
Direcção Nacional de Pecuária, Maputo, Mozambique
J. S. BATISTA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, RN, Brasil
F. PAIVA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brasil
M. M. G. TEIXEIRA*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
*
*Corresponding author: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brasil. Tel: +55 11 3091 7268. Fax: +55 11 3091 7417. E-mail: mmgteix@icb.usp.br

Summary

In this study, we addressed the phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax and related trypanosomes nested in the subgenus Duttonella through combined morphological and phylogeographical analyses. We previously demonstrated that the clade T. vivax harbours a homogeneous clade comprising West African/South American isolates and the heterogeneous East African isolates. Herein we characterized a trypanosome isolated from a nyala antelope (Tragelaphus angasi) wild-caught in Mozambique (East Africa) and diagnosed as T. vivax-like based on biological, morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic relationships, phylogeographical patterns and estimates of genetic divergence were based on SSU and ITS rDNA sequences of T. vivax from Brazil and Venezuela (South America), Nigeria (West Africa), and from T. vivax-like trypanosomes from Mozambique, Kenya and Tanzania (East Africa). Despite being well-supported within the T. vivax clade, the nyala trypanosome was highly divergent from all other T. vivax and T. vivax-like trypanosomes, even those from East Africa. Considering its host origin, morphological features, behaviour in experimentally infected goats, phylogenetic placement, and genetic divergence this isolate represents a new genotype of trypanosome closely phylogenetically related to T. vivax. This study corroborated the high complexity and the existence of distinct genotypes yet undescribed within the subgenus Duttonella.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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