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Parasite interactions in natural populations: insights from longitudinal data

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2008

S. TELFER ,
R. BIRTLES ,
M. BENNETT ,
X. LAMBIN ,
S. PATERSON  and
M. BEGON
S. TELFER*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool L69 7LB, UK
R. BIRTLES
Affiliation:
Centre for Comparative Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
M. BENNETT
Affiliation:
Centre for Comparative Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
X. LAMBIN
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
S. PATERSON
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool L69 7LB, UK
M. BEGON
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool L69 7LB, UK
*
*Corresponding author: School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool L69 7LB, UK. Tel: +44 151 795 4528; Fax: +44 151 794 6005; E-mail: stelfer@liv.ac.uk
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Summary

The physiological and immunological state of an animal can be influenced by current infections and infection history. Consequently, both ongoing and previous infections can affect host susceptibility to another parasite, the biology of the subsequent infection (e.g. infection length) and the impact of infection on host morbidity (pathology). In natural populations, most animals will be infected by a succession of different parasites throughout the course of their lives, with probably frequent concomitant infections. The relative timing of different infections experienced by a host (i.e. the sequence of infection events), and the effects on factors such as host susceptibility and host survival, can only be derived from longitudinal data on individual hosts. Here we review some of the evidence for the impact of co-infection on host susceptibility, infection biology and pathology focusing on insights obtained from both longitudinal studies in humans and experiments that explicitly consider the sequence of infection. We then consider the challenges posed by longitudinal infection data collected from natural populations of animals. We illustrate their usefulness using our data of microparasite infections associated with field vole (Microtus agrestis) populations to examine impacts on susceptibility and infection length. Our primary aim is to describe an analytical approach that can be used on such data to identify interactions among the parasites. The preliminary analyses presented here indicate both synergistic and antagonistic interactions between microparasites within this community and emphasise that such interactions could have significant impacts on host-parasite fitness and dynamics.

Keywords

Concomitant infectionsmixed infectionslongitudinal datainfection lengthBartonellaBabesiacowpoxAnaplasma
Type
Original Articles
Information
Parasitology , Volume 135 , Special Issue 7: Parasitic co-infections: challenges and solutions , June 2008 , pp. 767 - 781
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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