Behavioral and Brain Sciences


Short Communication

Was a manual gesturing stage really necessary?


Ralph L. Holloway a1

a1 Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 rlh2@columbia.edu www.columbia.edu/~rlh2

Abstract

Given the primate propensity to make noise, it is unclear why a manual gestural stage would have been necessary in the development of either language or right-handedness. Cortical asymmetries are present in australopithecines but become clearly human-like with the appearance of Homo about two million years ago, including Broca's cap regions. Stone tool-making is still our only empirical entry into past cognitive processes.