Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-15T21:58:16.077Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Maternal deaths in medieval sweden: an osteological and life table analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2008

Ulf Högberg
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Umea
Elisabeth Iregren
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, Lund
Claes-Henrik Siven
Affiliation:
Department of Economics, University of Stockholm
Lennart Diener
Affiliation:
Tuberculosis Clinic of Stockholm

Summary

In a medieval population of Stockholm only three cases of maternal deaths were proved out of 330 burials of adult females, and only in one of the cases was a contracted pelvis found. However, life table analysis indicates a shorter life expectancy of females in the reproductive ages. This suggests a higher maternal mortality in the Middle Ages than in the 18th and 19th centuries in Sweden.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acsadi, G. & Nemeskeri, J. (1970) History of Human Lifespan and Mortality. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.Google Scholar
Bergfelder, T. & Hermann, B. (1980) Estimating fertility on the basis of birth traumatic changes in the pubic bone. J. hum. Evol. 9, 611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boldsen, J. (1984) Paleodemography of Two Southern Scandinavian Medieval Communities. The Löddekköpinge Investigation. Papers of the Archaeological Institute, University of Lund, No. 5, p. 108.Google Scholar
Buchanan, R. (1975) Effects of childbearing on maternal health. Popul. Rep. 8, 125.Google Scholar
Dahlbäck, G. (1982) Helgeandsholmen — 700 ar i Stockholms Strom (with English summary). Liber, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Dawson, W. & Smith, E. (1924) Egyptian Mummies. George Allen, London.Google Scholar
Diener, L. (1984) Patologiska skelettförändringar hos kyrkogärdspopulationen i Riksgropen. In: Yearbook of the Museum of Medical History, p. 56. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Dobbie, B. M. W. (1982) An attempt to estimate the true rate of maternal mortality, 16th to 18th centuries. Med. Hist. 26, 79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Badry, M. A. (1969) Higher female than male mortality in some countries of south Asia. J. Am. statist. Ass. 64, 1234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enhörning, G. (1984) Pre-eclampsia: a hypothesis for its pathogenesis. Acta obstet. gynec. scand. Suppl. 118, 7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finn, R., Hill, C. A., Govan, A. J., Ralph, J. G., Gurney, F. J. & Denye, W. (1972) Immunological responses in pregnancy and survival of fetal homograft. Br. med. J. 2, 150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garn, S., Silverman, F., Hertzog, K. P. & Rohman, C. G. (1968) Lines and bands of increased density. Med. Radiogr. Photogr. 44, 58.Google ScholarPubMed
Gebbie, D. A. M. (1981) Reproductive Anthropology — Descent through Woman. Wiley, Chichester.Google Scholar
Gejvall, N. G. (1948) Gravfältet pa kyrkbacken i Horns socken. Handbook 60, Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Gejvall, N. G. (1954) Barnkalla och Stora Ro. Tva västgötska handgrops-gravfält. Handbook 89, Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Gejvall, N. G. (1960) Westerhus—Medieval Population and Church in the Light of Skeletal Remains. Monograph, Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Grauman, J. V. (1974) History of human life-span and mortality. Curr. Anthrop. 15, 501.Google Scholar
Hassan, F. A. (1981) Demographic Archeology. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Hawkes, S. C. & Wells, C. (1975) An Anglo-Saxon obstetric calamity from Kingsworthy, Hampshire. Med. Biol. Illus. 25, 47.Google ScholarPubMed
Holmberg, N. G. (1968) The assimilation of pelvis — radiological and obstetrical study. Acta obstet. gynec. scand. 57, Suppl.7.Google Scholar
Holt, C. A. (1978) Re-examination of parturition scars on the human pelvis. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 49, 91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houghton, P. H. (1974) The relationship of the pre-auricular groove of the ilium to pregnancy. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 41, 381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunger, H. & Leopold, D. (1978) Identifikation. Back, Leipzig.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Högberg, U. (1985) The demography of maternal mortality — seven Swedish parishes in the 19th century. Int. J. Gyn. Obstet. 23, 485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Imhof, A. E. (1979) Die ubersterblichkeit verheirateter frauen im fructbaren alter. Z. Bevolk Wiss. 4, 487.Google Scholar
Iregren, E. (1984) Det humanosteologiska materialet fran Helgeandsholmens kyrkogard. In: Yearbook of the Museum of Medical History, p. 115. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Kuhl, I. (1983) Presumed mother-and-child burials of Early Iron Age from Holstein as a test for conception in young women in prehistoric and early historic time. Arztl. Jugendkung, 74, 176.Google Scholar
Larsen, E. & Galask, R. (1978) Host-parasite interactions during pregnancy. Obstet. Gyn. Survey, 33, 297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mckeown, T. (1976) The Modern Rise of Population. Arnold, London.Google Scholar
Möller-Christensen, V. (1958) Bogen om Aebelholt kloster. Dansk Videnskabs Forlag, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Persson, O. & Persson, E. (1984) Anthropological Report on the Mesolithic Graves from Skateholm, Southern Sweden. I. Excavation Seasons 1980–82. Report Series No. 1, Institute of Archaeology, University of Lund.Google Scholar
Putschar, K. (1976) The structure of the human symphysis pubis with special consideration of parturition and its sequelae. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 45, 589.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rochat, R. W. (1981a) Maternal mortality in the United States of America. WHO statist. Q. 34, 2.Google ScholarPubMed
Rochat, R. W. (1981b) Maternal and abortion related death in Bangladesh. Int. J. Gyn. Obstet. 19, 155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siven, C. H. (1982) Metoder for beräkning av förhistoriska populationer. Arkeologiska Rapporter och Meddleanden, p. 1. Department of Archaeology, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Sjovold, T., Swedborg, I. & Diener, L. (1974) A pregnant woman from the Middle Ages with exostosis multiplex. Ossa, 1, 3.Google Scholar
Smith, G. B. & Wood Jones, F. (1910) The Archaeological Survey of Nubia. Bulletin No. 6, Department of Finance, Cairo.Google Scholar
Stewart, T. D. (1957) Distortion of the pubic symphysial surface in females and its effects on age determinations. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 15, 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suchey, J. M., Wiseley, D. V., Green, R. F. & Noguchi, T. T. (1979) Analysis of dorsal pitting in the os pubis in an extensive sample of modern American females. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 51, 517,CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trolle, D. (1982) The History of Caesarean Section. Acta Historica Scientiarum Naturalium et Medicinalium, 33. Reitzels, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Trotter, H. & Gieser, G. C. (1952) Estimation of stature from long bones of American whites and negroes. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 10, 463,CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tubretin, D. I. (1980) La surmortalité feminine en Europe avant 1940. Population, 121, 148.Google Scholar
Waldron, I. (1983) Sex differences in human mortality: the role of genetic factos. Social Sci. Med. 17, 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wells, C. (1975) Ancient hazards and female mortality. Bull N. Y. Acad. Med. 51, 1235.Google ScholarPubMed
Wells, C. (1978) A medieval burial of a pregnant woman. Practitioner, 221, 442.Google ScholarPubMed
Werdelin, L. (1985) The stature of some medieval Swedish populations. Fornvännen, 2, 133.Google Scholar