1 The Israeli human rights organization B'Tselem, for instance, documented nine cases of torture and ill-treatment in the May-August 1994 period, at a time when Mr Gillon was chief of the GSS's Headquarters Branch, <http://www.btselem.org>..>Google Scholar

2 The Commission was appointed following a decision of the Israeli Government in 1987 to examine the GSS methods of interrogation of terrorist suspects. It examined among others international human rights law standards and determined that in dealing with dangerous terrorists who represent a grave threat to the State of Israel and its citizens, the use of a moderate degree of pressure, including physical pressure, in order to obtain crucial information, is unavoidable under certain circumstances. The Commission recommended that ‘moderate physical pressure’ be sanctioned in limited cases where the degree of anticipated danger is considerable. See UN Doc AT/C/16/Add.4, paras 31–7. See also excerpts of the official English translation in 23 Is LR (1989) 146, which also contains a symposium on the Commission's Report.Google Scholar

3 UN Doc A/52/44 paras 257.Google Scholar

4 Following the Israel Supreme Court, Decision of 15 July 1999, HCJ 5100/94, where the Court found that the GSS was not authorized to use certain investigation methods that involved the use of moderate physical pressure, holding that such methods violated Israeli law, while at the same time stating that the defence of necessity might be available for the interrogators under Israeli law. On this later issue see P, Gaeta ‘May Necessity Be Available as a Defence for Torture in the Interrogation of Suspected Terrorists?’ (2004) 2 JICJ 785–94.Google Scholar

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6 UN Doc A/52/44 para 257 (1997).Google Scholar

7 Jyllands, Posten Ny Ambassadør: Tortur er Nødvendigt July 9 2001. Mr Gillon later modified this number to 20–30, Berlingske Tidende Ambassadørens forsvarstale 15 Sept 2001.Google Scholar

8 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1986).Google Scholar

9 The Danish Penal Code (Straffeloven) was specially amended by Act No. 322 of June 1986 in fulfillment of the requirements as to jurisdiction flowing from article 5 of the Torture Convention. Cf UN Doc CAT/C/5/Add.4, para 19.Google Scholar

10 2000–2001 § 20 question (S 3279), available at; <http://www.ft.dk/Samling/20001/spor_sv/S3279.htm>>Google Scholar

11 Both organizations send letters advising the Danish Government not to accept Mr Gillon's nomination.Google Scholar

12 On file with the author.Google Scholar

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14 2000–2001 s 20 question (S 3230), available at <http://www.ft.dk/Samling/20001/spor_sv/S3230.htm>>Google Scholar

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16 Author's own translation, original Danish text on file. Reported in BBC News ‘Sharon “preparing war crime defence”’ (26 July 2001) available at <http://news.bbc.co.Uk/l/bi/world/middle_east/1458169.stm>..>Google Scholar

17 See for instance Copenhagen Post Gillon may be arrested 29 July 2001 available at <http://www.cphpost.dk/get/62358.html>>Google Scholar

18 The Danish Administration of Justice Act (Retsplejeloven) ss 96 and 719, with the possibility of private initiated prosecution in accordance with ss 720 (2), 725–7, cf generallyGoogle ScholarH, Gammeltoft-HansenStrafferetspleje I (Copenhagen Jurist-og Økonomforbundets foriag 1998) ch 7.Google Scholar

19 The Danish Administration of Justice Act (Retsplejeloven) s 719.Google Scholar

20 ibid s 96(2).

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22 ibid ch I, 3.2 and IV, 3.

23 The Danish Administration of Justice Act (Retsplejeloven) ss 98 and 719, cf H, Gammeltoft-Hansen above n 17, ch 7.B.5.Google Scholar

24 Cf concurring opinion of the Director of Public Prosecution (Rigsadvokat) Henning Fode, Berlingske Tidende Ambassadørens forsvarstale 15 Aug 2001.Google Scholar

25 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) Art 29: ‘The person of a diplomatic agent shall be inviolable. He shall not be liable to any form of arrest or detention. The receiving State shall treat him with due respect and shall take all appropriate steps to prevent any attack on his person, freedom or dignity.’ Art 31(1): ‘A diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State.’ United Nations Torture Convention (1986) Art 6(1): ‘Upon being satisfied, after an examination of information available to it, that the circumstances so warrant, any State Party in whose territory a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is present shall take him into custody or take other legal measures to ensure his presence.’ Art 6(2): ‘Such State shall immediately make a preliminary inquiry into the facts.’ Art 7: ‘The State Party in the territory under whose jurisdiction a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is found shall in the cases contemplated in article 5, if it does not extradite him, submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution.’Google Scholar

26 See Israel Cabinet Communiqué of 31 July 2001 Doc no. 2001073100.Google Scholar

27 On file with the author. Reported in the Copenhagen Post (Copenhagen Denmark 11 Sept2001), available at <http://www.cphpost.dk/get/62571.html>..>Google Scholar

28 Cf JH, Burgers and H, DaneliusThe United Nations Convention against Torture: A Handbook on the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Martinus Nijhoff Dordrecht 1988) 134.Google Scholar

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31 B, ChengInternational Legal Instruments to Safeguard International Air Transport—The Conventions of Tokyo, the Hague, Montreal, and a New Instrument Concerning Unlawful Violence at International Airports, Aviation Security (International Institute of Air and Space Law The Hague 1997) 33.Google Scholar

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42 Pauwelyn, , above n 36 at 385.Google Scholar

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58 Sevtap Veznedarodlu v Turkey (App 32357/96) Judgment of 11 Apr 2000 para 32 emphasis added.Google Scholar

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