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Socioeconomic status mediates the genetic contribution of the dopamine receptor D4 and serotonin transporter linked promoter region repeat polymorphisms to externalization in preadolescence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2007

Maria Nobile ,
Roberto Giorda ,
Cecilia Marino ,
Ombretta Carlet ,
Valentina Pastore ,
Laura Vanzin ,
Monica Bellina ,
Massimo Molteni  and
Marco Battaglia
Maria Nobile*
Affiliation:
Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute
Roberto Giorda
Affiliation:
Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute
Cecilia Marino
Affiliation:
Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute Laval University
Ombretta Carlet
Affiliation:
Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute
Valentina Pastore
Affiliation:
Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute
Laura Vanzin
Affiliation:
Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute
Monica Bellina
Affiliation:
Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute
Massimo Molteni
Affiliation:
Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute
Marco Battaglia*
Affiliation:
Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute Laval University Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Maria Nobile, Child Psychiatry Department, Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute, via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini 23842 (LC), Italy; E-mail: mnobile@bp.lnf.it
Marco Battaglia, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Department of NeuroSciences, 20 via Stamira d'Ancona, Milan 20127, Italy; E-mail: marco.battaglia@hsr.it.
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Abstract

The impact of socioeconomic status (SES) and genetic polymorphisms on individual differences for externalized behaviors have often been investigated separately in studies of children and adults. In a general population sample of 607 Italian preadolescents, we examined the independent and joint effects of SES and the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and serotonin transporter linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms upon rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors measured with the Child Behavior CheckList/6–18. We found evidence, which was based on both one locus and two-loci genotype analyses, that low SES and DRD4 long and 5-HTTLPR long alleles, both alone and in interaction, are associated with higher aggressive behavior scores. The effects were similar but more modest and limited to one locus genotype analyses for rule-breaking behavior. Consistent with studies that showed the effects of societal moderators on the heritability of externalized behaviors across different segments of the population, we suggest that diminished social constraints associated with low parental SES may act as enhancers of the genetic influence of specific DRD4 and 5-HTTLPR alleles over aggressive behaviors in preadolescence.

Type
Research Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 19 , Issue 4 , Fall 2007 , pp. 1147 - 1160
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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