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Assessment of genetic diversity in the USDA and CIP-FAO international nursery collections of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) using microsatellite markers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2007

S. A. Christensen ,
D. B. Pratt ,
C. Pratt ,
P. T. Nelson ,
M. R. Stevens ,
E. N. Jellen ,
C. E. Coleman ,
D. J. Fairbanks ,
A. Bonifacio  and
P. J. Maughan
S. A. Christensen
Affiliation:
Brigham Young University, Department of Plant & Animal Sciences, 275 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
D. B. Pratt
Affiliation:
Stephen F. Austin State University, Department of Biology, Nacogdoches, TX 75961, USA
C. Pratt
Affiliation:
Brigham Young University, Department of Plant & Animal Sciences, 275 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
P. T. Nelson
Affiliation:
Brigham Young University, Department of Plant & Animal Sciences, 275 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
M. R. Stevens
Affiliation:
Brigham Young University, Department of Plant & Animal Sciences, 275 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
E. N. Jellen
Affiliation:
Brigham Young University, Department of Plant & Animal Sciences, 275 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
C. E. Coleman
Affiliation:
Brigham Young University, Department of Plant & Animal Sciences, 275 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
D. J. Fairbanks
Affiliation:
Brigham Young University, Department of Plant & Animal Sciences, 275 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
A. Bonifacio
Affiliation:
Fundacion PROINPA, Casilla Postal 4285, Cochabamba, Bolivia
P. J. Maughan*
Affiliation:
Brigham Young University, Department of Plant & Animal Sciences, 275 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: jeff_maughan@byu.edu
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Abstract

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a staple food crop for millions of impoverished rural inhabitants of Andean South America where it has been cultivated for millennia. Interest in quinoa, due largely to its superior nutritional characteristics, is fuelling a growing export market and has led to an increased focus on genetic research and the development of quinoa breeding programmes throughout South America. The success of these breeding programmes will rely heavily on the development of core germplasm collections and germplasm conservation. We report the development of a set of fluorescence-tagged microsatellite molecular markers that can be used to characterize genetic diversity within quinoa germplasm and we use this set of 36 microsatellites markers to genetically characterize the diversity of 121 accessions of C. quinoa held in the USDA germplasm bank, 22 accessions from the CIP-FAO international nursery collection and eight accessions representing parents from genetic mapping populations. A total of 420 alleles were detected among the quinoa accessions with an average of 11 alleles detected per microsatellite locus. Genetic heterogeneity was observed in 32% of the quinoa accessions at a given locus and suggests that many of these accessions represent heterogeneous seed lots or landraces. Both unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and principle components analysis (PCA) analyses partitioned the quinoa accessions into two main clusters. The first major cluster consisted of accessions from the Andean highlands of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina and extreme northeastern Chile. The other main cluster contained accessions from both the lowlands of Chile and a set of USDA accessions with no known passport data, collected by Emigdio Ballón. Using the patterns of genetic diversity detected within the C. quinoa accessions we discuss hypotheses regarding quinoa's centre of diversity, including highland and lowland ecotype clustering patterns, origin of lowland varieties, origin of domestication, and diversity levels in the USDA and CIP-FAO collections.

Keywords

Chenopodium quinoagenetic diversitymicrosatellitesSSRs
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 5 , Issue 2 , August 2007 , pp. 82 - 95
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2007

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