Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T05:01:47.066Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Articulatory reflexes of the three-way contrast in labial stops and kinematic evidence for domain-initial strengthening in Korean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 February 2016

Taehong Cho ,
Minjung Son  and
Sahyang Kim
Taehong Cho
Affiliation:
Hanyang Phonetics & Psycholinguistics Lab, Department of English Language and Literature, Hanyang Universitytcho@hanyang.ac.kr
Minjung Son
Affiliation:
Department of English Language and Literature, Hannam Universityminjungson@hnu.kr
Sahyang Kim
Affiliation:
Department of English Education, Hongik Universitysahyang@hongik.ac.kr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study examines articulatory characteristics of the three-way contrast in labial stops /p php*/ (lenis, aspirated, fortis, respectively) in Korean in phrase-initial and phrase-medial prosodic positions with a two-fold goal. First, it investigates supralaryngeal articulatory reflexes of the stops and explores articulatory invariance of these stops across prosodic positions. Second, it investigates Korean stops in kinematic terms from the perspective of domain-initial strengthening, and explores the nature of prosodically-conditioned speech production from a dynamical perspective. Results showed that the articulatory reflex of the three-way contrast was invariantly observed across prosodic positions with lip constriction degree (/p/</ph/</p*/), while lip constriction duration showed a binary distinction (/p/</php*/). Kinematically, there was only very weak articulatory evidence for the contrast across prosodic positions: The V-to-C lip closing movement tended to be faster for /ph/ than for /p/, and the C-to-V lip opening movement tended to be larger for /php*/ than for /p/. As for domain-initial strengthening, the consonantal lip closing gesture was characterized by a larger, longer and slower articulation, whereas the vocalic lip opening gesture (after the release) was larger and faster, but not longer. Kinematic relations indicated that the lip closing movement is most likely controlled by a rate of the clock (possibly modulated by a temporal modulation gesture, or π-gesture) comparable to boundary effects in English, but the boundary-induced lip opening movement was better accounted for by a change in target (possibly modulated by a spatial modulation gesture, or μ-gesture) which was comparable to prominence rather than boundary effects in English. The cross-linguistic difference was interpreted as coming from different prosodic systems between Korean and English, presumably instantiated in dynamical terms of how the temporal and the spatial modulation gestures are phased with constriction gestures in relation to boundary marking versus prominence marking.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Phonetic Association , Volume 46 , Issue 2 , August 2016 , pp. 129 - 155
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © International Phonetic Association 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnes, Jonathan A. 2002. Positional neutralization: A phonologization approach to typological patterns. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Beckman, Mary E. 1996. The parsing of prosody. Language and Cognitive Processes 11, 17–67.Google Scholar
Beckman, Mary E., Edwards, Jan & Fletcher, Janet. 1992. Prosodic structure and tempo in a sonority model of articulatory dynamics. In Docherty & Ladd (eds.), 68–86.Google Scholar
Beckman, Mary E., Li, Fangfang, Kong, Eun Jong & Edwards, Jan. 2014. Aligning the timelines of phonological acquisition and change. Laboratory Phonology 5 (1), 151–193.Google Scholar
Brunner, Jana, Fuchs, Susanne & Perrier, Pascal. 2011. Supralaryngeal control in Korean velar stops. Journal of Phonetics 39, 178–195.Google Scholar
Byrd, Dani. 2000. Articulatory vowel lengthening and coordination at phrasal junctures. Phonetica 57, 3–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byrd, Dani. 2006. Relating prosody and dynamic events: Commentary on the papers by Cho, Navas, and Smiljanić. In Goldstein, Louis, Whalen, Douglas & Best, Catherine (eds.), Laboratory Phonology 8: Varieties of phonological competence, 549–561. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Byrd, Dani, Kaun, Abigail, Narayanan, Shrikanth & Saltzman, Elliot L.. 2000. Phase signatures in articulation. In Broe, Michael B. & Pierrehumbert, Janet B. (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology V, 70–87. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Byrd, Dani, Krivokapić, Jelena & Lee, Sungbok. 2006. How far, how long: On the temporal scope of prosodic boundary effects. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, 1589–1599.Google Scholar
Byrd, Dani & Saltzman, Elliot L.. 2003. The elastic phase: Modeling the dynamics of boundary-adjacent lengthening. Journal of Phonetics 31, 149–180.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong. 2005. Prosodic strengthening and featural enhancement: Evidence from acoustic and articulatory realizations of /a, i/ in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, 3867–3878.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong. 2006. Manifestation of prosodic structure in articulation: Evidence from lip kinematics in English. In Goldstein, Louis, Whalen, Douglas & Best, Catherine (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology VIII, 519–548. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong. 2008. Prosodic strengthening in transboundary V-to-V lingual movement in American English. Phonetica 65, 45–61.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong. 2011. Laboratory phonology. In Kula, Nancy C., Botma, Bert & Nasukawa, Kuniya (eds.), The Continuum companion to phonology, 343–368. London & New York: Continuum.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong. 2015. Language effects on speech timing at the segmental and suprasegmental levels. In Redford, Melissa A. (ed.), The handbook of speech production, 505–529. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong & Jun, Sun-Ah. 2000. Domain-initial strengthening as featural enhancement: Aerodynamic evidence from Korean. Chicago Linguistics Society (CLS) 36, 31–44.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong, Jun, Sun-Ah & Ladefoged, Peter. 2002. Acoustic and aerodynamic correlates of Korean stops and fricatives. Journal of Phonetics 30, 193–228.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong & Keating, Patricia A.. 2001. Articulatory and acoustic studies of domain-initial strengthening in Korean. Journal of Phonetics 29, 155–190.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong & Keating, Patricia A.. 2009. Effects of initial position versus prominence in English. Journal of Phonetics 37, 466–485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, Taehong, Lee, Yoonjeong & Kim, Sahyang. 2011. Communicatively-driven versus prosodically-driven hyper-articulation in Korean. Journal of Phonetics 39, 344–361.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong, Lee, Yoonjeong & Kim, Sahyang. 2014. Prosodic strengthening on the /s/-stop cluster and the phonetic implementation of an allophonic rule in English. Journal of Phonetics 46, 128–146.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong & McQueen, James M.. 2005. Prosodic influences on consonant production in Dutch: Effects of prosodic boundaries, phrasal accent and lexical stress. Journal of Phonetics 33, 121–157.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong, Yoon, Yeomin & Kim, Sahyang. 2014. Effects of prosodic boundary and syllable structure on the temporal realization of CV gestures in Korean. Journal of Phonetics 44, 96–109.Google Scholar
Connell, Bruce & (eds, Amalia Arvaniti.). 1995. Phonology and phonetic evidence: Papers in Laboratory Phonology IV. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dart, Sarah. 1987. An aerodynamic study of Korean stop consonants: Measurements and modeling. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, 138–147.Google Scholar
de Jong, Kenneth. 1995. On the status of redundant features: The case of backing and rounding in American English. In Connell & Arvaniti (eds.), 68–86.Google Scholar
Docherty, Gerard J. & Robert Ladd, D. (eds.). 1992. Papers in Laboratory Phonology II: Gesture, segment, prosody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Edwards, Jan, Beckman, Mary E. & Fletcher, Janet. 1991. The articulatory kinematics of final lengthening. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89, 369–382.Google Scholar
Fletcher, Janet. 2010. The prosody of speech: Timing and rhythm. In Hardcastle, William J., Laver, John & Gibbon, Fiona E. (eds.), The handbook of phonetic sciences, 2nd edn., 523–602. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Fougeron, Cécile. 2001. Articulatory properties of initial segments in several prosodic constituents in French. Journal of Phonetics 29, 109–135.Google Scholar
Fougeron, Cécile & Keating, Patricia A.. 1997. Articulatory strengthening at edges of prosodic domains. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101, 3728–3740.Google Scholar
Fuchs, Susanne, Perrier, Pascal & Hartinger, Mariam. 2011. A critical evaluation of gestural stiffness estimations in speech production based on a linear second-order model. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 54, 1067–1076.Google Scholar
Goldstein, Louis, Byrd, Dani & Saltzman, Elliot L.. 2006. The role of vocal tract gestural action units in understanding the evolution of phonology. In Arbib, Michael A. (ed.), Action to language via the mirror neuron system, 215–249. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Harrington, Jonathan, Fletcher, Janet & Roberts, Corinne. 1995. Coarticulation and the accented/unaccented distinction: Evidence from jaw movement data. Journal of Phonetics 23, 305–322.Google Scholar
Hawkins, Sarah. 1992. An introduction to task dynamics. In Docherty & Ladd (eds.), 9–25.Google Scholar
Hoole, Philip. 1996. Issues in the acquisition, processing, reduction and parameterization of articulographic data. FIPKM (Forschungsberichte des Instituts für Phonetik und sprachliche Kommunikation der Universität München) 34, 158–173.Google Scholar
Huynh, Huynh & Feldt, Leonard S.. 1970. Conditions under which mean square ratios in repeated measurements designs have exact F-distributions. Journal of the American Statistical Association 65, 1582–1589.Google Scholar
Jun, Sun-Ah. 1995. Asymmetrical prosodic effects on the laryngeal gesture in Korean. In Connell & Arvaniti (eds.), 235–253.Google Scholar
Jun, Sun-Ah. 1996. The phonetics and phonology of Korean prosody: Intonational phonology and prosodic structure. New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Jun, Sun-Ah. 1998. The accentual phrase in the Korean prosodic hierarchy. Phonology 15, 189–226.Google Scholar
Jun, Sun-Ah. 2000. K-ToBI (Korean ToBI) labelling conventions. Ms., University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Linguistics. Available online at http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/jun/ktobi/k-tobi.html (accessed 4 December 2015).Google Scholar
Jun, Sun-Ah, Beckman, Mary E. & Lee, Hyuck-Joon. 1998. Fiberscopic evidence for the influence on vowel devoicing of the glottal configurations for Korean obstruents. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 96, 43–68.Google Scholar
Kang, Kyung-Ho & Guion, Susan. 2008. Clear speech production of Korean stops: Changing phonetic targets and enhancement strategies. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124, 3090–3917.Google Scholar
Keating, Patricia A. 1984. Phonetic and phonological representation of stop consonant voicing. Language 60, 286–319.Google Scholar
Keating, Patricia A., Cho, Taehong, Fougeron, Cécile & Hsu, Chai-Shune. 2003. Domain-initial strengthening in four languages. In Local, John, Ogden, Richard & Temple, Rosalind (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology VI: Phonetic interpretation, 145–163. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kelso, J. A. Scott, Vatikiotis-Bateson, Eric, Saltzman, Elliot L. & Kay, Bruce. 1985. A qualitative dynamic analysis of reiterant speech production: Phase portraits, kinematics, and dynamic modeling. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 77, 266–280.Google Scholar
Kim, Chin-W. 1965. On the autonomy of the tensity feature in stop classification. Word 21, 339–359.Google Scholar
Kim, Hyunsoon, Honda, Kiyoshi & Maeda, Shinji. 2005. Stroboscopic-cine MRI study of the phasing between the tongue and the larynx in the Korean three-way phonation contrast. Journal of Phonetics 33, 1–26.Google Scholar
Kim, Hyunsoon, Maeda, Shinji & Honda, Kiyoshi. 2010. Invariant articulatory bases of the features [tense] and [spread glottis] in Korean plosives: New stroboscopic cine-MRI data. Journal of Phonetics 38, 90–108.Google Scholar
Krivokapić, Jelena & Byrd, Dani. 2012. Prosodic boundary strength: An articulatory and perceptual study. Journal of Phonetics 40, 430–442.Google Scholar
Ladefoged, Peter & Maddieson, Ian. 1996. The sounds of the world's languages. Oxford: Blackwells.Google Scholar
Lisker, Leigh & Abramson, Arthur S.. 1964. A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word 20, 384–422.Google Scholar
Löfqvist, Anders & Gracco, Vincent L.. 1997. Lip and jaw kinematics in bilabial stop consonant production. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, 877–893.Google Scholar
Löfqvist, Anders & Gracco, Vincent L.. 2002. Control of oral closure in lingual stop consonant production. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, 2811–2827.Google Scholar
Max, Ludo & Onghena, Patrick. 1999. Some issues in the statistical analysis of completely randomized and repeated measures designs for speech, language, and hearing research. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, 261–270.Google Scholar
Mücke, Doris & Grice, Martine. 2014. The effect of focus marking on supralaryngeal articulation – is it mediated by accentuation? Journal of Phonetics 44, 47–61.Google Scholar
Mücke, Doris, Grice, Martine & Cho, Taehong. 2014. More than a magic moment – paving the way for dynamics of articulation and prosodic structure. Journal of Phonetics 44, 1–7.Google Scholar
Munhall, Kevin G., Ostry, David J. & Parush, Avraham 1985. Characteristics of velocity profiles of speech movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 11, 457–474.Google ScholarPubMed
Nelson, W. L. 1983. Physical principles for economies of skilled movements. Biological Cybernetics 46, 135–147.Google Scholar
Saltzman, Elliot L. 1995. Intergestural timing in speech production: Data and modeling. 13th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS XIII), vol. 2, 84–91.Google Scholar
Saltzman, Elliot L. & Munhall, Kevin G.. 1989. A dynamical approach to gestural patterning in speech production. Ecological Psychology 1, 333–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saltzman, Elliot L., Nam, Hosung, Krivokapić, Jelena & Goldstein, Louis. 2008. A task-dynamic toolkit for modeling the effects of prosodic structure on articulation. 4th International Conference on Speech Prosody, 175–184.Google Scholar
Shattuck-Hufnagel, Stefanie & Turk, Alice E.. 1996. A prosody tutorial for investigators of auditory sentence processing. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 25, 193–247.Google Scholar
Silva, David J. 2006. Acoustic evidence for the emergence of tonal contrast in contemporary Korean. Phonology 23, 287–308.Google Scholar
Son, Minjung, Kim, Sahyang & Cho, Taehong. 2012. Supralaryngeal articulatory signatures of three-way contrastive labial stops in Korean. Journal of Phonetics 40, 92–108.Google Scholar
Tabain, Marija. 2003. Effects of prosodic boundary on /aC/ sequences: Articulatory results. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, 2834–2849.Google Scholar
Tiede, Mark. 2005. MVIEW: Software for visualization and analysis of concurrently recorded movement data. Haskins Laboratory, New Haven, CT.Google Scholar
Tuller, Betty, Shao, Shuyong & Scott Kelso, J. A.. 1990. An evaluation of an alternating magnetic field device for monitoring tongue movements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, 674–679.Google Scholar
Westbury, John R. 1994. On coordinate systems and the representation of articulatory movements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95, 2271–2273.Google Scholar