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The Relationship Between Sedatives, Sedative Strategy, and Healthcare-Associated Infection: A Systematic Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2016

Daniel A. Caroff ,
Paul M. Szumita  and
Michael Klompas
Daniel A. Caroff*
Affiliation:
Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Paul M. Szumita
Affiliation:
Pharmacy Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Michael Klompas
Affiliation:
Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
*
Address correspondence to Daniel Caroff, MD, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Ste 401, Boston, MA 02215 (dcaroff@mgh.harvard.edu).
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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) cause significant morbidity in critically ill patients. An underappreciated but potentially modifiable risk factor for infection is sedation strategy. Recent trials suggest that choice of sedative agent, depth of sedation, and sedative management can influence HAI risk in mechanically ventilated patients.

OBJECTIVE

To better characterize the relationships between sedation strategies and infection.

METHODS

Systematic literature review.

RESULTS

We found 500 articles and accepted 70 for review. The 3 most common sedatives for mechanically ventilated patients (benzodiazepines, propofol, and dexmedetomidine) have different pharmacologic and immunomodulatory effects that may impact infection risk. Clinical data are limited but retrospective observational series have found associations between sedative use and pneumonia whereas prospective studies of sedative interruptions have reported possible decreases in bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and ventilator-associated events.

CONCLUSION

Infection rates appear to be highest with benzodiazepines, intermediate with propofol, and lowest with dexmedetomidine. More data are needed but studies thus far suggest that a better understanding of sedation practices and infection risk may help hospital epidemiologists and critical care practitioners find new ways to mitigate infection risk in critically ill patients.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–9

Type
Review Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 37 , Issue 10 , October 2016 , pp. 1234 - 1242
Copyright
© 2016 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved 

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