¹ In Native American Music in Eastern North America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), I distinguish between social and ceremonial repertoires. The former are widely shared while the latter are used in ritual contexts that carry responsibilities outsiders would not be in a position to assume.

² Spinney uses the preferred contemporary spelling for the people themselves, but the older spelling (“Passamaquoddy”) for the territory.

³ Samuels, David M., Putting a Song on Top of It: Expression and Identity on the San Carlos Apache Reservation (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2004)Google Scholar, 8–9.

⁴ See, for instance, comments by Mi'kmaq Stephen Augustine in Diamond, Beverley, Native American Music in Eastern North America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008)Google Scholar, 14, 32.

⁵ William Hubbs Mechling, collector, Wolastoqiyik lintuwakonawa: Maliseet Songs/Chants malécites (Province of New Brunswick with the Canadian Museum of Civilization, CA2 NB CULSPO W54, 2004, CD).