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Long-term modifications of coastal defences enhance marine biodiversity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2015

GUSTAVO M. MARTINS ,
STUART R. JENKINS ,
ANA I. NETO ,
STEPHEN J. HAWKINS  and
RICHARD C. THOMPSON
GUSTAVO M. MARTINS*
Affiliation:
CIIMAR/CIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123 Porto, Portugal CIRN & Grupo de Biologia Marinha, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9501–801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
STUART R. JENKINS
Affiliation:
School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
ANA I. NETO
Affiliation:
CIIMAR/CIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123 Porto, Portugal CIRN & Grupo de Biologia Marinha, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9501–801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
STEPHEN J. HAWKINS
Affiliation:
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
RICHARD C. THOMPSON
Affiliation:
Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
*
*Correspondence: Dr Gustavo Martins e-mail: gmartins@uac.pt
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Summary

Realization that hard coastal infrastructures support lower biodiversity than natural habitats has prompted a wealth of research seeking to identify design enhancements offering ecological benefits. Some studies showed that artificial structures could be modified to increase levels of diversity. Most studies, however, only considered the short-term ecological effects of such modifications, even though reliance on results from short-term studies may lead to serious misjudgements in conservation. In this study, a seven-year experiment examined how the addition of small pits to otherwise featureless seawalls may enhance the stocks of a highly-exploited limpet. Modified areas of the seawall supported enhanced stocks of limpets seven years after the addition of pits. Modified areas of the seawall also supported a community that differed in the abundance of littorinids, barnacles and macroalgae compared to the controls. Responses to different treatments (numbers and size of pits) were species-specific and, while some species responded directly to differences among treatments, others might have responded indirectly via changes in the distribution of competing species. This type of habitat enhancement can have positive long-lasting effects on the ecology of urban seascapes. Understanding of species interactions could be used to develop a rule-based approach to enhance biodiversity.

Keywords

Azorescoastal urbanizationcommunity structureconservationhabitat enhancementlong-termPatella
Type
Papers
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 43 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 109 - 116
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 2015 

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