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PROTESTANTISM, COLONIZATION, AND THE NEW ENGLAND COMPANY IN RESTORATION POLITICS*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2015

GABRIEL GLICKMAN
GABRIEL GLICKMAN*
Affiliation:
Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
*
Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, cb3 0dggng22@cam.ac.uk
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Abstract

Established in 1662, the New England Company introduced the first crown-sponsored initiative for propagating the gospel among the native populations bordering English America. Under the leadership of Robert Boyle, its work influenced royal policy, but awakened contention over the practice of Atlantic colonization and, simultaneously, the making of the Restoration church. This article examines the reception of the Company in England, showing how its architects sought to link the plantation process to the advancement of a global Protestant mission. The ambition drew Company leaders into debates over the reshaping of church institutions on both sides of the Atlantic. In England, the mission became a vehicle for the promotion of Protestant ‘comprehension’, as a bid to unite the different streams of the reformed religion, and widen the fold of the established church. However, the Company was frustrated by the confessional antagonisms that entered into domestic politics. Divisions between congregations thwarted missionary collaboration, and stirred doubts in England and America over the relationship between colonization and the ‘Protestant interest’. The article will identify the conflicts within the Restoration church as a formative factor behind competing ideas of overseas expansion, and a substantial obstacle to the emergence of the Protestant mission as part of the colonizing strategies of the English crown.

Type
Articles
Information
The Historical Journal , Volume 59 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 365 - 391
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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Footnotes

*

I am very grateful to Professor Mark Knights, Professor Mark Goldie, and Professor Peter Marshall for their comments on an earlier draft of this article. The piece has also benefited greatly from the suggestions of the anonymous reviewers selected by the Historical Journal.

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149 Church of St Gall to SPG committee, 11 May 1702, Oxford, Rhodes House Library, USPG MSS A1, 13; Peterson, ‘Theopolis Americana’, pp. 359–63.

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151 Samuel Myles to Edward, bishop of Gloucester, 8 July 1702, Rhodes House, Oxford, SPG papers, A1, fo. 32; John Talbot to Bishop Gillingham, 3 May 1703, SPG papers, A1, fo. 120; Robert T. Handy, A history of the churches in the United States and Canada (Oxford, 1976), ch. 5.

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153 Journal of Board of Trade, 3 Nov. 1698, CSPC, 1697–8, p. 958; earl of Bellomont to the Council of Trade and Plantations, 15 May 1699, CSPC, 1699, p. 384; Kellaway, New England Company, p. 192.

154 John Dryden, The hind and the panther: a poem in three parts (1687), part ii, ll. 563–7.

155 Defoe, Plan of the English commerce, p. xiii.

156 Silverman, Faith and boundaries, pp. 174–81; Cotton Mather, India Christiana (1721), pp. 37–40.

157 Mather, India, p. 39.