Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T06:45:43.530Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Organic grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds as a protein source for weaned piglets: Effects of seed treatment and different inclusion rates on animal performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 June 2015

L. Baldinger ,
W. Hagmüller ,
U. Minihuber ,
M. Schipflinger  and
W. Zollitsch
L. Baldinger
Affiliation:
Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
W. Hagmüller
Affiliation:
Austrian Research and Education Center, Institute of Organic Farming and Farm Animal Biodiversity, Austraße 10, 4600 Thalheim/Wels, Austria.
U. Minihuber
Affiliation:
Austrian Research and Education Center, Institute of Organic Farming and Farm Animal Biodiversity, Austraße 10, 4600 Thalheim/Wels, Austria.
M. Schipflinger
Affiliation:
Performance Recording Salzburg, Mayerhoferstraße 12, 5751 Maishofen, Austria.
W. Zollitsch*
Affiliation:
Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
*
*Corresponding author:werner.zollitsch@boku.ac.at
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Organically produced pork occupies only a small niche in the European meat market, with one of the main reasons being the shortage of locally produced high-quality protein sources. In an effort to promote currently under-utilized protein sources, two feeding trials were conducted with grass pea seeds as feed for weaned piglets. The grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a hardy grain legume that produces protein-rich seeds, but, as other grain legumes, it contains several anti-nutritive compounds. Apart from trypsin inhibitors and tannins, it also contains the neurotoxin β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP) which may cause nerve damage in farm animals as well as humans. The content of both trypsin inhibitors and ODAP can be greatly reduced by hydrothermal treatment; therefore both raw and hydrothermally treated grass pea seeds were used in the two feeding trials. Diets were fed to 152 and 144 piglets [crosses of (Pietrain × Duroc) × (Landrace × Large White)] respectively, during their rearing phase directly after weaning. In experiment 1, a control diet was compared with two diets containing 10 and 20% raw grass pea seeds, plus one diet with 20% treated grass pea seeds, respectively (as fed basis). In experiment 2, a control diet was compared with one diet containing 20% raw grass pea seeds and two diets containing 20 and 30% treated grass pea seeds, respectively (as fed basis). Grass pea seeds contained 265 and 271 g kg−1 crude protein (as fed basis) in the first and second experiment, respectively, and had an amino acid profile similar to peas (Pisum sativum), including relatively low contents of methionine and cysteine. Hydrothermally treated grass pea seeds were found to be a valuable protein source that was well accepted by piglets. At an inclusion rate of 20–30% in diets, feed intake and daily weight gain of piglets was very similar to that of the control treatment. However, including 20% raw grass pea seeds had a significant negative effect on feed intake in experiment 1 and on daily weight gain in experiment 2. Therefore, hydrothermal treatment of grass pea seeds is recommended prior to feeding to piglets.

Keywords

grass peaODAPlathyrismproteinpigletsgrain legume
Type
Research Papers
Information
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems , Volume 31 , Issue 3 , June 2016 , pp. 269 - 279
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altmann, F. 1992. Determination of amino sugars and amino acids in glycoconjugates using precolumn derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde. Analytical Biochemistry 204:215–219.Google Scholar
ALVA. 1983. Österreichisches Methodenbuch für die Untersuchung von Futtermitteln, Futterzusatzstoffen und Schadstoffen [Austrian Method Book for the Examination of Feeds, Feed Additives and Harmful Substances]. ALVA, Vienna.Google Scholar
Austrian Republic. 1999. Federal Law of 19 August 1999 on the revision of the Act on Animal Experiments 1988. Federal Law Gazette 169:1331–1333.Google Scholar
Blair, R. 2007. Nutrition and Feeding of Organic Pigs. CABI, Wallingford.Google Scholar
Castell, A.G., Cliplef, R.L., Briggs, C.J., Campbell, C.G., and Bruni, J.E. 1994. Evaluation of lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L) as an ingredient in pig starter and grower diets. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 74:529–539.Google Scholar
Dippel, S., Leeb, C., Bochicchio, D., Bonde, M., Dietze, K., Gunnarsson, S., Lindgren, K., Sundrum, A., Wiberg, S., Winckler, C., and Prunier, A. 2013. Health and welfare of organic pigs in Europe assessed with animal-related parameters. Organic Agriculture 4:149–161.Google Scholar
Dwivedi, M.P. 1989. The grass pea, treat and promise. In Proceedings of the International Network for the Improvement of Lathyrus sativus and the Eradication of Lathyrism. New York, NY. pp. 1–26.Google Scholar
Evonik-Degussa GmbH. 2006. AminoDat 3.0. The Amino Acid Composition of Feedstuffs. 5th revised ed. Hanau.Google Scholar
Früh, B., Bochicchio, D., Edwards, S., Hegelund, L., Leeb, C., Sundrum, A., Werne, S., Wiberg, S., and Prunier, A. 2014. Description of organic pig production in Europe. Organic Agriculture 4:83–92.Google Scholar
Fürll, M. and Röhl, C. 2003. Antioxidativer Status bei klinisch gesunden Schweinen [Antioxidative stress in clinically healthy pigs]. In Schubert, R., Flachowsky, G., Jahreis, G., and Bitsch, R. (eds). Vitamine und Zusatzstoffe in der Ernährung von Mensch und Tier [Vitamins and Additives in Human and Animal Nutrition]. Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft [Federal Agricultural Research Centre], Braunschweig.. pp. 343–346.Google Scholar
GfE [Society of Nutrition Physiology]. 2008. Prediction of metabolisable energy of compound feeds for pigs. Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology 17:199–204.Google Scholar
Grüner Bericht. 2012. Bericht über die Situation der österreichischen Land- und Forstwirtschaft [Report About the ituation of Austrian Agriculture and Forestry]. Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management, Vienna.Google Scholar
Hanbury, C.D., White, C.L., Mullan, B.P., and Siddique, K.H.M. 2000. A review of the potential of Lathyrus sativus L. and L. cicera L. grain for use as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology 87:1–27.Google Scholar
Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. and Jensen, E.S. 2005. Facilitative root interactions in intercrops. Plant Soil 274:237–250.Google Scholar
Kraft, W. and Dürr, U.M. 2005. Klinische Labordiagnostik in der Tiermedizin [Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic in Veterinary Medicine]. Schattauer, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
LfL [Bavarian State Research Institute for Agriculture]. 2011. Fütterungsfibel Ökologische Schweinehaltung [Handbook for Organic Pig Feeding]. 3rd ed. Self-publishing, Freising.Google Scholar
Liebman, M. and Dyck, E. 1993. Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed management. Ecological Applications 3:92–122.Google Scholar
Littell, R.C., Milliken, G.A., Stroup, W.W., Wolfinger, R.D., and Schabenberger, O. 2006. SAS for Mixed Models. 2nd ed. SAS Publishing, Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Martelli, G., Rizzi, L., Boccuzzi, R., Paganelli, R., and Sardi, L. 2009. Digestibility and nitrogen balance of nonconventional protein sources fed to pigs of two different genotypes. In Alberto, P.D. and Costa, C. (eds). New Research on Livestock Science and Dairy Farming. Nova Science Publishers, New York, NY. p. 23–40.Google Scholar
Padmajaprasad, V., Kaladhar, M., and Bhat, R.V. 1997. Thermal isomerisation of β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid, the neurotoxin in Lathyrus sativus, during cooking. Food Chemistry 59:77–80.Google Scholar
Padmanaban, G. 1980. Lathyrogens. In Liener, I.E. (ed.). Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffs. 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York, NY. p. 239–263.Google Scholar
Petersen, H.H., Nielsen, J.P., and Heegaard, P.M.H. 2004. Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry. Veterinary Research 35:163–187.Google Scholar
Piñeiro, C., Piñeiro, M., Morales, J., Andrés, M., Lorenzo, E., del Pozo, M., Alava, M.A., and Lampreave, F. 2009. Pig-MAP and haptoglobin concentration reference values in swine from commercial farms. Veterinary Journal 179:78–84.Google Scholar
Ramachandran, S., Bairagi, A., and Ray, A. 2005. Improvement of nutritive value of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seed meal in the formulated diets for rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium. Bioresource Technology 96:1465–1472.Google Scholar
Rotter, R.G., Marquardt, R.R. and Campbell, C.G. 1991. The nutritional value of low lathyrogenic Lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus) for growing chicks. British Poultry Science 32:1055–1067.Google Scholar
SAS. 2002. Software, Release 9.1.3 SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Sharma, A., Kalia, M., and Malhotra, S. 2003. Effect of antinutritional factors in khesari seeds (Lathyrus sativus) on the biological performance of chicks. Lathyrus Lathyrism Newsletter 3:41–43.Google Scholar
The Council of the European Union. 2007. Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products. Official Journal of the European Union 189:1–23.Google Scholar
The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. 2000. Commission Directive 2000/45/EC of 6 July 2000 establishing community methods of analysis for the determination of vitamin A, vitamin E and tryptophan in feedingstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union 174:32–50.Google Scholar
The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. 2010. Directive 2010/63/EU of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Official Journal of the European Union 276:33–79.Google Scholar
Theodorou, G., Papadomichelakis, G., Tsiplakou, E., Lampidonis, A.D., Chadio, S., Zervas, G. and Politis, I. 2015. Effects of soyabean meal- or whey-based diets on lipid metabolism in weaned piglets. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 99:92–99.Google Scholar
Trombetta, M.F., Matti, S., Pasquini, M., and Falaschini, A. 2006. Evaluation of the digestibility of Lathyrus sativus in growing pigs. Italian Journal of Animal Science 5:147–153.Google Scholar
VDLUFA [Association of German Agricultural Analytic and Research Institutes] (ed.). 2007. Handbuch der Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchs- und Untersuchungsmethodik (VDLUFA-Methodenbuch), Band III: Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln [Handbook of Agricultural Experimental and Analytical Methods, Volume III: The Chemical Analysis of Feedstuffs]. 3rd ed. VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt.Google Scholar
Wang, Z. and Goonewardene, L.A. 2004. The use of MIXED models in the analysis of animal experiments with repeated measures data. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84:1–11.Google Scholar
Winiarska-Mieczan, A. and Kwiecien, M. 2010. The influence of raw grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds on growth performance and biochemical and haematological parameters in the blood of grower-finisher pigs. Agricultural and Food Science 19:223–232.Google Scholar
Yan, Z.-Y., Spencer, P.S., Li, Z.-X., Liang, Y.-M., Wang, Y.-F., Wang, C.-Y., and Li, F.-M. 2006. Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) and its neurotoxin ODAP. Phytochemistry 67:107–121.Google Scholar
Zollitsch, W. 2007. Challenges in the nutrition of organic pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87:2747–2750.Google Scholar