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Strongyloides infection in rodents: immune response and immune regulation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2016

MINKA BRELOER  and
DAVID ABRAHAM
MINKA BRELOER*
Affiliation:
Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
DAVID ABRAHAM
Affiliation:
Sidney Kimmel Medical College, at Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Street 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany. Tel.: 0049-40-42818-830. Fax: 0049-40-42818-400. E-mail: breloer@bnitm.de
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Summary

The human pathogenic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis infects approximately 30–100 million people worldwide. Analysis of the adaptive immune response to S. stercoralis beyond descriptive studies is challenging, as no murine model for the complete infection cycle is available. However, the combined employment of different models each capable of modelling some features of S. stercoralis life cycle and pathology has advanced our understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in host defence. Here we review: (i) studies using S. stercoralis third stage larvae implanted in diffusion chambers in the subcutaneous tissue of mice that allow analysis of the immune response to the human pathogenic Strongyloides species; (ii) studies using Strongyloides ratti and Strongyloides venezuelensis that infect mice and rats to extend the analysis to the parasites intestinal life stage and (iii) studies using S. stercoralis infected gerbils to analyse the hyperinfection syndrome, a severe complication of human strongyloidiasis that is not induced by rodent specific Strongyloides spp. We provide an overview of the information accumulated so far showing that Strongyloides spp. elicits a classical Th2 response that culminates in different, site specific, effector functions leading to either entrapment and killing of larvae in the tissues or expulsion of parasitic adults from the intestine.

Type
Special Issue Review
Information
Parasitology , Volume 144 , Special Issue 3: Strongyloides , March 2017 , pp. 295 - 315
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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