Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T14:43:29.578Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Worm meal: a potential source of alternative protein in poultry feed

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 January 2016

S. KHAN ,
S. NAZ ,
A. SULTAN ,
I.A. ALHIDARY ,
M.M. ABDELRAHMAN ,
R.U. KHAN ,
N.A. KHAN ,
M.A. KHAN  and
S. AHMAD
S. KHAN
Affiliation:
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
S. NAZ*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
A. SULTAN
Affiliation:
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
I.A. ALHIDARY
Affiliation:
Department of Animal production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
M.M. ABDELRAHMAN
Affiliation:
Department of Animal production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
R.U. KHAN
Affiliation:
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan Department of Animal production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
N.A. KHAN
Affiliation:
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
M.A. KHAN
Affiliation:
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
S. AHMAD
Affiliation:
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
*
Corresponding author: drshabananaz@gcuf.edu.pk
Get access

Abstract

Protein is the main limiting factor and the second most expensive feed component of poultry ration after energy. In many developing countries, poultry feed prices are consistently increasing because of the dependency on imported soybean meal. In order to decrease the dependency of the poultry feed sector on soybean meal it is necessary to find sustainable alternative protein sources. This review summarises recent findings on the nutritive value of maggot meal, earth worm meal, meal worms and silkworm meal and discusses their potential as an alternative protein source for poultry feed sector.

Keywords

alternative proteinearth wormmaggotmealwormsilkwormsoybeanpoultry
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 72 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 93 - 102
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ABD-RAHMAN-JABIR, M.D., RAZAK, S.A. and VIKINESWARY, S. (2012) Chemical composition and nutrient digestibility of super worm meal in red tilapia juvenile. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 32 (4): 489-493.Google Scholar
AKPODIETE, O.J., OLOGHOBO, A.D. and ONWADE, A.A. (1998) Maggot meal as a substitute for fish meal in laying chicken diet. Ghana journal of Agriculture Science 31: 137-142.Google Scholar
ANDREW, N. (2009) Insects as poultry food: a scoping study. Project No.: 09-23. Australian Poultry CRC.Google Scholar
ANIEBO, A.O., ERONDU, E.S. and OWEN, O.J. (2009) Replacement of fish meal with maggot meal in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) diets. Revista UDO Agrícola 9: 666-671.Google Scholar
AWONIYI, T.A.M. (2007) Health, nutrional and consumers' acceptability assurance of maggot meal inclusion in livestock diet: a review. International Journal of Tropical Medicine 2: 52-56.Google Scholar
AWONIYI, T.A.M., ALETOR, V.A. and AINA, J.M. (2003a) Performance of broiler - chickens fed on maggot meal in place of fishmeal. International Journal of Poultry Science 2: 271-274.Google Scholar
AWONIYI, T.A.M., ALETOR, V.A. and AINA, J.M. (2003b) Performance of broiler chickens of files environment. Entomology 2: 801-806.Google Scholar
BARCELO, P.M. (1988) Production and utilisation of earthworms as feeds for broilers in the Philippines. Tropicultura 6: 21-24.Google Scholar
BOLU, S.A. and ADAKEJA, A. (2008) Effects of poultry offal meal and soybean meal mixtures on the performance and carcass quality of broiler chicks. African Journal of food Agriculture Nutrition and Development 8: 441-450.Google Scholar
BROWN, G.G. (1995) How do earthworms affect microfloral and faunal community diversity? Plant Soil 170: 209-231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BROWN, G.G., DOUBE, B.M. and EDWARDS, C.A. (2004) Functional interactions between earthworms, microorganisms, organic matter and plants, in: EDWARDS, C.A. (Ed) Earthworm ecology, 2nd ed., pp. 213-239 (CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton).Google Scholar
CHAND, N., IHSANUDIN, and KHAN, R.U. (2014) Replacement of soybean meal with yeast single cell protein in broiler ration: the effect on performance traits. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46 (6): 1753-1758.Google Scholar
COLLAVO, A., GLEW, R.H., HUANG, Y.S., CHUANG, L.T., BOSSE, R. and PAOLETTI, M.G. (2005) House cricket small-scale farming, in: PAOLETTI, M.G. (Ed) EcologicalImplications of Minilivestock: Potential of Insects, Rodents, Frogs and Snails, pp. 519-544 (Science Publishers, New Hampshire).Google Scholar
DUTTA, A., DUTTA, S. and KUMARI, S. (2012) Growth of poultry chicks fed on formulated feed containing silk worm pupae meal as protein supplement and commercial diet. Online Journal of Animal Feed Research (OJAFR) 2 (3): 303-30.Google Scholar
EWING, R. (1997) Sprawl and health. Journal of American Planning Association 63: 107-126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FINKE, M.D. (2002) Complete nutrient composition of commercially raised invertebrates used as food for insectivores. Zoo Biology 21: 269-285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HERTRAMPF, A.W. and PIEDAD-PASUAL, F. (2000) Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds. Kluwer academic publishers, pp. 624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HWANGBO, J., HONG, E.C., JANG, A., KANG, H.K., OH, J.S., KIM, B.W. and PARK, B.S. (2009) Utilisation of house fly-maggots, a feed supplement in the production of broiler chickens. Journal of Environmental Biology 30: 609-614.Google ScholarPubMed
KHATUN, R., HOWLIDER, M.A.R., RAHMAN, M.M. and HASANUZZAMAN, M. (2003) Replacement of fish meal by silkworm pupae in broiler diets. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 6: 955-958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KHATUN, R., AZMAL, S.A., SARKER, M.S.K., RASHID, M.A., HUSSAIN, M.A. and MIAH, M.Y. (2005) Effect of silkworm pupae on the growth and egg production performance of Rhode Island Red (RIR) pure line. International Journal of Poultry Science 4 (9): 718-720.Google Scholar
LOFTIN, K. and CORDER, R. (1914) Biology and management of the lesser mealworm in poultry operations. Division of Agriculture, Research and Extension, University of Arkansas system.Google Scholar
MAKKAR, H.P.S., TRAN, G., HEUZE, V. and ANKERS, P. (2014) State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology 197:1-33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MCDONALD, P., EDWARDS, R.A. and GREENHALGH, J.F.D. (2002) Animal Nutrition. 6th Edition, Longman, London and New York, pp. 543.Google Scholar
MCHARGUE, J.S. (1917) A study of the proteins of certain insects with reference to their value as food for poultry. Journal of Agricultural Research l0: 633-637.Google Scholar
MLCEK, J., ROP, O., BORKOVCOVA, M. and BEDNAROVA, M. (2014) A comprehensive look at the possibilities of edible insects as food in Europe - a review. Poland Journal of Food and Nutrition Science 64: 147-157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NZAMUJO, G. (1986) Technique for Maggot Production. The Songhai Experience, Songhai Centre, Poto Novo, Benin. (songhai.benin at intnet.bj).Google Scholar
OKAH, U. and ONWUJIARIRI, E.B. (2012) Performance of finisher broiler chickens fed maggot meal as a replacement for fish meal. Journal of Agricultural Technology 8: 471-477.Google Scholar
PAOLETTI, M.G., BUSCARDO, E. and VANDER JAGT, D.J. (2003) Nutrient content of earthworms by Ye'Kuana Amerindians of the Alto Orinoco of Venezuela. Proceeding of the Royal Society of London B 270: 249-257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
PRAYOGI, H.S. (2011) The effect of earthworm meal supplementation in the diet on quail's growth performance in attempt to replace the usage of fish meal. International Journal of Poultry Science 10: 804-806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RAMOS-ELORDUY, J., AVILA GONZALEZ, E., ROCHA HERNANDEZ, A. and PINO, J.M. (2002) Use of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to recycle organic wastes and as feed for broiler chickens. Journal of Economic Entomology 95: 214-220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
RAVINDRAN, V. and BLAIR, R. (1993) Feed resources for poultry production in Asia and the Pacific III. Animal protein sources. World's Poultry Science Journal 49: 219-235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
REINECKE, A.J., HAYES, J.P. and CILLIERS, S.C. (1991) Protein quality of three different species of earthworms. South African Journal of Animal Science 21: 99-103.Google Scholar
SAMUEL, A.A. and NYAMBI, R.E. (2013) Evaluation of growth response of Clarias gariepinus fingerling fed dried maggot as protein source. International Journal Current Microbiology and Applied Science 2(5): 123-129.Google Scholar
SHARMA, S., PRADHAN, K., SATYA, S. and VASUDEVAN, P. (2005) Potentiality of earthworms for waste management and in other uses - A review. The Journal of American Science 1: 4-16.Google Scholar
SHERMAN, R. (2003) Raising Earthworms Successfully. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Publication Number: EBAE 103-83.Google Scholar
SOGBESAN, A.O. and UGWUMBA, A.A.A. (2008) Nutritional values of some non-conventional animal protein feedstuffs used as fishmeal supplement in aquaculture practices in Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 8: 159-164.Google Scholar
SON, J.H. (2009) The study on treatment of poultry waste by earthworms, and the effect of feeding earthworms meal on the performance of broilers and laying hens, and safety of meat and egg. From http://agris.fao.org/agrissearch/search.do?recordID=KR2009004066.Google Scholar
SON, J.H. and JO, I.H. (2013) Effects of earthworm meal supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens. From http://agris.fao.org/agrissearch/search.do?recordID=KR2004004925.Google Scholar
TACON, A.G.J. and METIAN, M. (2008) Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aqua feeds. Trends and Future Prospects, Aquaculture 285: 146-158.Google Scholar
TANG, Q., DAI, Y. and LIU, X. (2010) Immunomodulatory effect of the larvae of yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 8: 235-238.Google Scholar
TEGUIA, A. and BEYNEN, A.C. (2005) Alternative feedstuffs for broilers in Cameroon. Livestock Research for Rural Development 17 (3).Google Scholar
TÉGUIA, A., MPOAME, M. and OKOUROU MBA, J.A. (2002) The production performance of broiler birds as affected by the replacement of fish meal by maggot meal in the starter and finisher diets. Tropicultura 4: 187-192.Google Scholar
TEOTIA, J.S. and MILLER, B.F. (1973) Fly Pupae as a dietary ingredients for starting chicks. Poultry Science 53: 1830-1835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TIROESELE, B. and MOREKI, J.C. (2012) Termites and earthworms as potential alternative sources of protein for poultry. International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences 6: 368-376.Google Scholar
UCHEWA, E.N. (2014) Effect of Replacing Soybean Mean with Maggots on the Diet of Growing Pigs. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research 14: 75-78.Google Scholar
VAN HUIS, A., VAN ITTERBEECK, J., KLUNDER, H., MERTENS, E., HALLORAN, A., MUIR, G. and VANTOMME, P. (2013) Edible Insects - Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security. FAO Forestry Paper 171.Google Scholar
VELDKAMP, T., VAN DUINKERKEN, G., VAN HUIS, A., LAKEMOND, C.M.M., OTTEVANGER, E., BOSCH, G. and VAN BOEKEL, M.A.J.S. (2012) Insects as a sustainable feed ingredient in pig and poultry diets - a feasibility study. Wageningen UR Livestock Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
WALDROUP, P.W. and SMITH, K. (2008) Fact Sheet - Soybean Use - Poultry. Soybean Meal Information Center. From http://www.feedipedia.org/node/3192.Google Scholar
WATSON, M.R. (1957) The Chemical Composition of Earthworm Cuticle. Biochemistry 68: 416-420.Google Scholar
WIJAYYASINGTH, M.S. and RAJAGURU, A.S.B. (1977) Use of silk worm pupae as a protein supplement in poultry ration. Journal of National Science Council of Sri Lanka 5 (2): 95-104.Google Scholar
YAQUB, H.B. (1991) Earthworm and maggot meals as a potential fish meal replacement. Marine Fisheries Research Division.Google Scholar