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Increased exposure to Plasmodium chabaudi antigens sustains cross-reactivity and avidity of antibodies binding Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: dissecting cross-phylum cross-reactivity in a rodent model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 October 2015

KAREN J. FAIRLIE-CLARKE ,
CHRISTINA HANSEN ,
JUDITH E. ALLEN  and
ANDREA L. GRAHAM
KAREN J. FAIRLIE-CLARKE*
Affiliation:
Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
CHRISTINA HANSEN
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
JUDITH E. ALLEN
Affiliation:
Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
ANDREA L. GRAHAM
Affiliation:
Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. E-mail: Karen.Fairlie-Clarke@glasgow.ac.uk
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Summary

Mounting an antibody response capable of discriminating amongst and appropriately targeting different parasites is crucial in host defence. However, cross-reactive antibodies that recognize (bind to) multiple parasite species are well documented. We aimed to determine if a higher inoculating dose of one species, and thus exposure to larger amounts of antigen over a longer period of time, would fine-tune responses to that species and reduce cross-reactivity. Using the Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (Pcc)–Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) co-infection model in BALB/c mice, in which we previously documented cross-reactive antibodies, we manipulated the inoculating dose of Pcc across 4 orders of magnitude. We investigated antigen-specific and cross-reactive antibody responses against crude and defined recombinant antigens by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot and antibody depletion assays. Contrary to our hypothesis that increasing exposure to Pcc would reduce cross-reactivity to Nb, we found evidence for increased avidity of a subpopulation of antibodies that recognized shared antigens. Western blot indicated proteins of apparent monomer molecular mass 28 and 98 kDa in both Nb and Pcc antigen preparations and also an Nb protein of similar size to recombinant Pcc antigen, merozoite surface protein-119. The implications of antibodies binding antigen from such phylogenetically distinct parasites are discussed.

Keywords

antibodyaviditycross-reactivityparasite doseco-infectionmalarianematodeantigen exposure
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 142 , Issue 14 , December 2015 , pp. 1703 - 1714
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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