Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-8mjnm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T09:48:08.168Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Analysis of the pressure buildup behind rigid porous media impinged by shock waves in time and frequency domains

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 August 2015

O. Ram
Affiliation:
Pearlstone Center for Aeronautical Engineering Studies, Protective Technologies R&D Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
O. Sadot*
Affiliation:
Pearlstone Center for Aeronautical Engineering Studies, Protective Technologies R&D Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
*
Email address for correspondence: sorens@bgu.ac.il

Abstract

The transformation of a time-dependent pressure pulse imposed on the front face of a rigid porous medium sample, mounted in a tunnel, through the sample and a fixed-volume air gap between the rear face of the sample and the end wall of a tunnel is studied both experimentally and analytically. In the experiments, rigid porous samples that are placed at various distances from a shock tube end wall are subjected to the impingement of shock waves. The pressure buildup behind the porous sample is monitored and compared with the pressure imposed at the front face of the porous sample. The shock tube is fitted with a short driver section in order to generate blast-like decaying pressure profiles, which continue to decay after the initial shock impingement. In this scenario, the measured pressure profile at the end wall, which is affected by the properties of the porous medium and the size of the air gap separating its rear face and the shock tube end wall, is significantly different from the pressure profile imposed on the front face of the porous sample. The mechanism governing the pressure transformation provided by the porous medium is attributed to a selective filtration process that attenuates the pressure changes associated with high frequencies. The results of the present study are also analysed in conjunction with previously published analytical and numerical models to achieve a broader understanding of the physical mechanisms affecting the pressure buildup.

Type
Papers
Copyright
© 2015 Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andreopoulos, Y., Xanthos, S. & Subramaniam, K. 2007 Moving shocks through metallic grids: their interaction and potential for blast wave mitigation. Shock Waves 16, 455466.Google Scholar
Bachmat, Y. & Bear, J. 1986 Macroscopic modelling of transport phenomena in porous media. 1: the continuum approach. Transp. Porous Med. 1, 213240.Google Scholar
Ball, G. J. & East, R. A. 1999 Shock and blast attenuation by aqueous foam barriers: influences of barrier geometry. Shock Waves 9, 3747.Google Scholar
Ben-Dor, G., Mazor, G., Cederbaum, G. & Igra, O. 1996a Well tailored compressive stress–strain relations for elastomeric foams. J. Mater. Sci. 31, 11071113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Dor, G., Mazor, G., Cederbaum, G & Igra, O. 1996b Stress–strain relations for elastomeric foams in uni-, bi- and tri-axial compression modes. Arch. Appl. Mech. 66, 409418.Google Scholar
Ben-Dor, G., Mazor, G., Cederbaum, G., Igra, O. & Sorek, S. 1992 The enhancement of shock wave loads by means of porous media. (ed. Takayama, K.), Shock Waves SE - 39, pp. 279282. Springer.Google Scholar
Ben-Dor, G., Mazor, G., Igra, O., Sorek, S. & Onodera, H. 1994 Shock wave interaction with cellular materials. Shock Waves 3, 167179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benselama, A. M., William-Louis, M. J. P., Monnoyer, F. & Proust, C. 2010 A numerical study of the evolution of the blast wave shape in tunnels. J. Hazard. Mater. 181, 609616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van den Berg, A. C. & Weerheijm, J. 2006 Blast phenomena in urban tunnel systems. J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 19, 598603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, S., Sadot, O. & Ben-Dor, G. 2010 Experimental investigation on the shock-wave load attenuation by geometrical means. Shock Waves 20, 2940.Google Scholar
Berger, S., Sadot, O. & Ben-Dor, G. 2012 Numerical investigation of shock-wave load attenuation by barriers. In 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves (ed. Kontis, K.), pp. 111116. Springer.Google Scholar
Biot, M. A. 1941 General theory of three-dimensional consolidation. J. Appl. Phys. 12, 155164.Google Scholar
Britan, A., Ben-Dor, G., Igra, O. & Shapiro, H. 2001 Shock wave attenuation by granular filters. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 27, 617634.Google Scholar
Britan, A., Igra, O., Ben-Dor, G. & Shapiro, H. 2006 Shock wave attenuation by grids and orifice plates. Shock Waves 16, 115.Google Scholar
Britan, A., Liverts, M., Shapiro, H. & Ben-Dor, G. 2012 Blast wave mitigation by a particulate foam barrier. Transp. Porous Med. 93, 283292.Google Scholar
Britan, A., Shapiro, H., Liverts, M., Ben-Dor, G., Chinnayya, A. & Hadjadj, A. 2013 Macro-mechanical modelling of blast wave mitigation in foams. Part I: review of available experiments and models. Shock Waves 23 (1), 523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britan, A. B., Vasilev, E. I., Zinovik, I. N. & Kamynin, I. Y. 1993 Reflection of a blast-profile shock wave from the end wall of a shock tube. Fluid Dyn. 27 (3), 412417.Google Scholar
Figliola, R. S. & Beasley, D. E. 2011 Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements. Wiley.Google Scholar
Gibson, L. & Ashby, H. 1988 Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties. Pergamon.Google Scholar
Igra, O., Falcovitz, J., Houas, L. & Jourdan, G. 2013 Review of methods to attenuate shock/blast waves. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 58, 135.Google Scholar
Kazemi-Kamyab, V., Subramaniam, K. & Andreopoulos, Y. 2011 Stress transmission in porous materials impacted by shock waves. J. Appl. Phys. 109 (1), 013523.Google Scholar
Kitagawa, K., Yasuhara, M. & Takayama, K. 2006 Attenuation of shock waves propagating in polyurethane foams. Shock Waves 15, 437445.Google Scholar
Langdon, G. S., Nurick, G. N. & du Plessis, N. J. 2011 The influence of separation distance on the performance of perforated plates as a blast wave shielding technique. Engng Struct. 33, 35373545.Google Scholar
Larsen, M. E. 1992 Aqueous foam mitigation of confined blasts. Intl J. Mech. Sci. 34, 409418.Google Scholar
Levi-Hevroni, D., Levy, A., Ben-Dor, G. & Sorek, S. 2002 Numerical investigation of the propagation of planar shock waves in saturated flexible porous materials: development of the computer code and comparison with experimental results. J. Fluid Mech. 462, 285306.Google Scholar
Levi-Hevroni, D., Levy, A., Ben-Dor, G. & Sorek, S. 2006 The interaction of planar shock waves with multiphase saturated flexible porous materials – a numerical investigation. J. Fluid Mech. 563, 159188.Google Scholar
Levy, A., Ben-Dor, G., Skews, B. W. & Sorek, S. 1993 Head-on collision of normal shock waves with rigid porous materials. Exp. Fluids 15, 183190.Google Scholar
Levy, A., Ben-Dor, G. & Sorek, S. 1996 Numerical investigation of the propagation of shock waves in rigid porous materials: development of the computer code and comparison with experimental results. J. Fluid Mech. 324, 163179.Google Scholar
Levy, A., Ben-Dor, G. & Sorek, S. 1998 Numerical investigation of the propagation of shock waves in rigid porous materials: flow field behavior and parametric study. Shock Waves 8, 127137.Google Scholar
Levy, A., Levi-Hevroni, D., Sorek, S. & Ben-Dor, G. 1999 Derivation of Forchheimer terms and their verification by application to waves propagation in porous media. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 25, 683704.Google Scholar
Li, H., Levy, A. & Ben-Dor, G. 1995 Head-on interaction of planar shock waves with ideal rigid open-cell porous materials. Analytical model. Fluid Dyn. Res. 16, 203215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazor, G., Ben-Dor, G., Igra, O. & Sorek, S. 1994 Shock wave interaction with cellular materials. Shock Waves 3, 159165.Google Scholar
Ohtomo, F., Ohtani, K. & Takayama, K. 2005 Attenuation of shock waves propagating over arrayed baffle plates. Shock Waves 14, 379390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olim, M., Van Dongen, M. E. H., Kitamura, T. & Takayama, K. 1994 Numerical simulation of the propagation of shock waves in compressible open-cell porous foams. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 20, 557568.Google Scholar
Onodera, H. 1998 Shape of a shock wave front diffracting on a perforated wall. Exp. Fluids 24, 238245.Google Scholar
Panczak, T. D., Krier, H. & Butler, P. B. 1987 Shock propagation and blast attenuation through aqueous foams. J. Hazard. Mater. 14, 321336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ram, O. & Sadot, O. 2013 A simple constitutive model for predicting the pressure histories developed behind rigid porous media impinged by shock waves. J. Fluid Mech. 718, 507523.Google Scholar
Seeraj, S. & Skews, B. W. 2009 Dual-element directional shock wave attenuators. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 33, 503516.Google Scholar
Seitz, M. W. & Skews, B. W. 2006 Effect of compressible foam properties on pressure amplification during shock wave impact. Shock Waves 15, 177197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silvestrini, M., Genova, B. & Leon Trujillo, F. J. 2009 Energy concentration factor. A simple concept for the prediction of blast propagation in partially confined geometries. J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 22, 449454.Google Scholar
Skews, B. W. 1991 The reflected pressure field in the interaction of weak shock waves with a compressible foam. Shock Waves 1, 205211.Google Scholar
Skews, B. W., Atkins, M. D. & Seitz, M. W. 1992 Gas dynamic and physical behaviour of compressible porous foams struck by a weak shock wave. In Shock Waves (ed. Takayama, K.), pp. 511516. Springer.Google Scholar
Sorek, S., Bear, J., Ben-Dor, G. & Mazor, G. 1992 Shock waves in saturated thermoelastic porous media. Transp. Porous Med. 9, 313.Google Scholar