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Relational victimization, friendship, and adolescents' hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis responses to an in vivo social stressor

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 July 2014

Casey D. Calhoun ,
Sarah W. Helms ,
Nicole Heilbron ,
Karen D. Rudolph ,
Paul D. Hastings  and
Mitchell J. Prinstein
Casey D. Calhoun*
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Sarah W. Helms
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Nicole Heilbron
Affiliation:
Duke University
Karen D. Rudolph
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign
Paul D. Hastings
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis
Mitchell J. Prinstein*
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Casey D. Calhoun, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Davie Hall, CB 3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270; E-mail: cdcalhou@email.unc.edu; or Mitchell J. Prinstein, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Davie Hall, CB 3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270; E-mail: mitch.prinstein@unc.edu.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Casey D. Calhoun, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Davie Hall, CB 3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270; E-mail: cdcalhou@email.unc.edu; or Mitchell J. Prinstein, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Davie Hall, CB 3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270; E-mail: mitch.prinstein@unc.edu.
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Abstract

Adolescents' peer experiences may have significant associations with biological stress-response systems, adding to or reducing allostatic load. This study examined relational victimization as a unique contributor to reactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis responses as well as friendship quality and behavior as factors that may promote HPA recovery following a stressor. A total of 62 adolescents (ages 12–16; 73% female) presenting with a wide range of life stressors and adjustment difficulties completed survey measures of peer victimization and friendship quality. Cortisol samples were collected before and after a lab-based interpersonally themed social stressor task to provide measures of HPA baseline, reactivity, and recovery. Following the stressor task, adolescents discussed their performance with a close friend; observational coding yielded measures of friends' responsiveness. Adolescents also reported positive and negative friendship qualities. Results suggested that higher levels of adolescents' relational victimization were associated with blunted cortisol reactivity, even after controlling for physical forms of victimization and other known predictors of HPA functioning (i.e., life stress or depressive symptoms). Friendship qualities (i.e., low negative qualities) and specific friendship behaviors (i.e., high levels of responsiveness) contributed to greater HPA regulation; however, consistent with theories of rumination, high friend responsiveness in the context of high levels of positive friendship quality contributed to less cortisol recovery. Findings extend prior work on the importance of relational victimization and dyadic peer relations as unique and salient correlates of adaptation in adolescence.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 26 , Special Issue 3: The Legacy of Nicki R. Crick's Contributions to Developmental Psychopathology , August 2014 , pp. 605 - 618
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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