Parasitology
- Parasitology / Volume 139 / Issue 04 / April 2012, pp 419-423
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012. The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/>. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182011002228 (About DOI), Published online: 05 January 2012
- OPEN ACCESS
Review Article
Defining the concept of ‘tick repellency’ in veterinary medicine
L. HALOSa1 c1, G. BANETHa2, F. BEUGNETa1, A. S. BOWMANa3, B. CHOMELa4, R. FARKASa5, M. FRANCa6, J. GUILLOTa7, H. INOKUMAa8, R. KAUFMANa9, F. JONGEJANa10, A. JOACHIMa11, D. OTRANTOa12, K. PFISTERa13, M. POLLMEIERa1, A. SAINZa14 and R. WALLa15
a1 Merial, 29 Av. Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon, France
a2 Gad. School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Israel
a3 School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
a4 Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
a5 Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
a6 Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, BP 87 614, 31 076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
a7 Unité de Parasitologie, UMR Anses, Enva, Upec BIPAR, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
a8 Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
a9 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
a10 Utrecht Centre for Tick-Borne Diseases (UCTD), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
a11 Institute for Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
a12 Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
a13 Institut für Parasitologie Lehrstuhl für vergleichende Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, Leopoldstrasse 5, 80802 München, Germany
a14 Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
a15 School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
SUMMARY
Although widely used, the term repellency needs to be employed with care when applied to ticks and other periodic or permanent ectoparasites. Repellency has classically been used to describe the effects of a substance that causes a flying arthropod to make oriented movements away from its source. However, for crawling arthropods such as ticks, the term commonly subsumes a range of effects that include arthropod irritation and consequent avoiding or leaving the host, failing to attach, to bite, or to feed. The objective of the present article is to highlight the need for clarity, to propose consensus descriptions and methods for the evaluation of various effects on ticks caused by chemical substances.
(Received September 09 2011)
(Revised November 08 2011)
(Accepted November 10 2011)
(Online publication January 05 2012)
Key words
Correspondence:
c1 Corresponding author: Merial, 29 Av. Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon, France. Tel: +33 (0) 4 72 72 34 42. E-mail: lenaig.halos@merial.com
