Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-9pm4c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T08:26:31.224Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Comorbidity: Cognition and biology count!

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2010

Orly Rubinsten
Affiliation:
Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel. orly.rubinsten@gmail.com
Avishai Henik
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. henik@bgu.ac.ilhttp://www.bgu.ac.il/~henik/index.html

Abstract

We agree with Cramer et al. that pure cases of behavioral disorders with no symptom overlaps are rare. However, we argue that disorders do exist and the network idea is limited and limiting. Networks of symptoms are observed mainly at behavioral levels. The core deficit is commonly at the cognitive or brain levels, and there the story is completely different.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, (DSM-IV). American Psychiatric Association/APA Books.Google Scholar
Barkley, R. A. (1997) Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive function: Constructing a unified theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin 121:6594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bush, G. (2010) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and attention networks. Neuropsychopharmacology 35:278300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cantlon, J. F., Platt, M. L. & Brannon, E. M. (2009) Beyond the number domain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13:8391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castellanos, F. X., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Milham, M. P. & Tannock, R. (2006) Characterizing cognition in ADHD: Beyond executive dysfunction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10:117–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen Kadosh, R., Cohen Kadosh, K., Schuhmann, T., Kaas, A., Goebel, R., Henik, A., & Sack, A. T. (2007) Virtual dyscalculia induced by parietal-lobe TMS impairs automatic magnitude processing: A combined fMRI and neuronavigated TMS study. Current Biology 17:689–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehaene, S. (2009) Origins of mathematical intuitions: The case of arithmetic. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1156:232–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eger, E., Sterzer, P., Russ, M. O., Giraud, A. L. & Kleinschmidt, A. (2003) A supramodal number representation in human intraparietal cortex. Neuron 37:719–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frith, U. (2001) What framework should we use for understanding developmental disorders? Developmental Neuropsychology 20:555–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holloway, I. D. & Ansari, D. (in press) Developmental specialization in the right intraparietal sulcus for the abstract representation of numerical magnitude. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. (Epub ahead of print: November 23, 2009.).Google Scholar
Isaacs, E. B., Edmonds, C. J., Lucas, A. & Gadian, D. G. (2001) Calculation difficulties in children of very low birthweight: A neural correlate. Brain 124:1701–07.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2006) The tortuous route from genes to behavior: A neuroconstructivist approach. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience 1:917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufmann, L., Vogel, S., Starke, M., Kremser, C., Schocke, M. & Wood, G. (in press) Neural correlates of number processing in developmental dyscalculia: Evidence from fMRI. Cognitive Development.Google Scholar
Kucian, K., Leoenneker, T., Dietrich, T., Dosch, M., Martin, E. & von Aster, M., (2006) Impaired neural networks for approximate calculation in dyscalculic children: A functional MRI study. Behavioral and Brain Functions 5:31. [Online journal. DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-2-31.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landerl, K., Fussenegger, B., Moll, K. & Willburger, E. (2009) Dyslexia and dyscalculia: Two learning disorders with different cognitive profiles. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 103:309–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindsay, R. L., Tomazic, T., Levine, M. D. & Accardo, P. J. (2001) Attentional function as measured by a Continuous Performance Task in children with dyscalculia. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 22:287–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayes, S. D., Calhoun, S. L. & Crowell, E. W. (2000) Learning disabilities and ADHD: Overlapping spectrum disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities 33:417–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCandliss, B. D. & Noble, K. G. (2003) The development of reading impairment: A cognitive neuroscience model. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 9:196205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mussolin, C., De Volder, A., Grandin, C., Schlögel, X., Nassogne, M. C. & Noël, M. P. (2010) Neural correlates of symbolic number comparison in developmental dyscalculia. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience |v22:860-74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Price, G. R., Holloway, I., Vesterinen, M., Rasanen, P. & Ansari, D. (2007) Impaired parietal magnitude processing in developmental dyscalculia. Current Biology 17 (24):R1024-3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosselli, M., Matute, E., Pinto, N. & Ardila, A. (2006) Memory abilities in children with subtypes of dyscalculia. Developmental Neuropsychology 30:801–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rotzer, S., Kucian, K., Martin, E., von Aster, M., Klaver, P., & Loenneker, T. (2008) Optimized voxel-based morphometry in children with developmental dyscalculia. NeuroImage 39:417–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rubinsten, O. & Henik, A. (2009) Developmental dyscalculia: Heterogeneity may not mean different mechanisms. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13:9299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutter, M. & Sroufe, L. A. (2000) Developmental psychopathology: Concepts and challenges. Developmental Psychopathology 12:265–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaywitz, S. E. & Shaywitz, B. A. (2008) Paying attention to reading: The neurobiology of reading and dyslexia. Development and Psychopathology 20:1329–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
von Aster, M., & Shalev, R. S. (2007) Number development and developmental dyscalculia. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 49:868–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, A. J. & Dehaene, S. (2007) Number sense and developmental dyscalculia. In: Human behavior, learning and the developing brain: Atypical development, ed. Coch, D., Dawson, G. & Fischer, K., pp. 212–38. Guilford Press.Google Scholar