Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T12:38:03.897Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Hearing Voices in a Non-Psychiatric Population

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2010

Catherine Lawrence
Affiliation:
Solihull Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, UK
Jason Jones*
Affiliation:
Thames Valley Forensic Mental Health Service and University of Birmingham, UK
Myra Cooper
Affiliation:
University of Oxford, UK
*
Reprint requests to Jason Jones, Department of Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Oxford Clinic, Littlemore Mental Health Centre, Sandford Road, Oxford OX4 4XN, UK. E-mail: jason.jones@obmh.nhs.uk

Abstract

Background: Many people hear voices but do not access psychiatric services and their experiences are largely unknown, not least because of the difficulty in contacting such people. This study investigates the beliefs held about voices, distress experienced, and provides a topographical account of the experience of hearing voices in a sample of individuals who hear voices in a non-psychiatric population. Method: A quantitative questionnaire internet-based study with a within-subjects and between-subjects design was used. The internet was used to make contact with people who hear voices. One hundred and eighty-four participants in the general population who heard voices completed measures online assessing anxiety, depression, and beliefs about their dominant voice. Results: Participants reported a broad range of experiences associated with hearing voices, some in keeping with the previous research on clinical populations. Conclusion: The use of the internet to recruit and research non-clinical samples of people who hear voices is supported. This study provides details regarding demographic information and the experience of voice hearing from a fairly large sample of people who hear voices in a non-psychiatric population. It lends support to the idea that voice hearing occurs on a continuum, with evidence that many people hear voices in the general population and are not distressed by the experience.

Type
Brief Clinical Reports
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, P., Freeman, D., McGuire, P., Garety, P., Kuipers, E., Fowler, D., Bebbington, P., Green, C., Dunn, G. and Ray, K. (2005). The prediction of hallucinatory predisposition in non-clinical individuals: examining the contribution of emotion and reasoning. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 127132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andersson, G., Kaldo-Sandström, V., Ström, L. and Strömgren, T. (2003). Internet administration of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in a sample of tinnitus patients [Electronic version]. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 55, 259262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bak, M., Myin-Germeys, I., Delespaul, P., Vollebergh, W., de Graaf, R. and van Os, J. (2005). Do different psychotic experiences differently predict need for care in the general population? [Electronic version]. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, 192199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birchwood, M. and Chadwick, P. (1997). The omnipotence of voices: testing the validity of the cognitive model. Psychological Medicine, 27, 13451353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birchwood, M., Gilbert, P., Gilbert, J., Trower, P., Meaden, A., Hay, J., Murray, E. and Miles, J. N. V. (2004). Interpersonal and role-related schema influence the relationship with the dominant “voice” in schizophrenia: a comparison of three models. Psychological Medicine, 34, 15711580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chadwick, P. and Birchwood, M. (1994). The omnipotence of voices: a cognitive approach to auditory hallucinations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 190201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chadwick, P., Birchwood, M. and Trower, P. (1996). Cognitive Therapy for Delusions, Voices and Paranoia. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley.Google Scholar
Chadwick, P., Lees, S. and Birchwood, M. (2000). The revised Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ-R). British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 229232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costigan, C. L. and Cox, M. J. (2001). Fathers’ participation in family research: is there a self-selection bias? [Electronic version]. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 706720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, W. W., Romanoski, A., Anthony, J. C. and Nestadt, G. (1991). Screening for psychosis in the general population with a self-report interview. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 179, 689693.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hustig, H. H. and Hafner, R. J. (1990). Persistent auditory hallucinations and their relationship to delusions and mood. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 178, 264267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, L. C., Nazroo, J. Y., Bebbington, P. and Kuipers, E. (2002). Occurrence of hallucinatory experiences in a community sample and ethnic variations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 174178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johns, L. C. and van Os, J. (2001). The continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 11251141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Junginger, J. and Frame, C. L. (1985). Self-report of the frequency and phenomenology of verbal hallucinations. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173, 149155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCue, P., Buchanan, T. and Martin, C. R. (2006). Screening for psychological distress using internet administration of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome [Electronic version]. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 483–398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miniwatts Marketing Group (2007). World Internet Usage and Population Statistics. Retrieved 18 June 2007 from www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htmGoogle Scholar
Mustanski, B. S. (2001). Getting wired: exploiting the internet for the collection of valid sexuality data. The Journal of Sex Research, 38, 292301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Posey, T. B. and Losch, M. E. (1983). Auditory hallucinations of hearing voices in 375 normal subjects. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 3, 99113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodham, K. and Gavin, J. (2006). The ethics of using the internet to collect qualitative research data. Research Ethics Review, 2, 9297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romme, M. A. J. and Escher, A. D. M. A. C. (1989). Hearing voices. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 15, 209216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Romme, M. A. J., Honig, A., Noorthoorn, E. O. and Escher, A. D. M. A. C. (1992). Coping with hearing voices: an emancipatory approach. British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 99103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strauss, J. (1969). Hallucinations and delusions as points on a continua function. Archives of General Psychiatry, 21, 581586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verdoux, H., Maurice-Tison, S., Gay, B., van Os, J., Salamon, R. and Bourgeois, M. L. (1998). A survey of delusional ideation in primary-care patients. Psychological Medicine, 28, 127134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zigmond, A. S. and Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.