Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-27gpq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T12:07:23.346Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Transformations of the Concept of Ideology in the Twentieth Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2006

KATHLEEN KNIGHT
Affiliation:
Barnard College and Columbia University

Abstract

Ideology has been the subject of a surprising amount of attention during the last half of the twentieth century. Although it has been argued that the term has been “thoroughly muddied by diverse uses” (Converse 1964, 207), an empirical investigation of the pages of the Review reveals substantial convergence among political scientists over time on a core definition. This essay traces the use of the concept in the Review since its launch in 1906. It reveals changing fashions in the connotation of the term, but suggests an underlying agreement on the essential components—coherence, stability and contrast—and underlines the centrality of the concept of ideology in political science.

Type
“THE EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL SCIENCE” ESSAYS
Copyright
© 2006 by the American Political Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aberbach Joel D., and Jack Walker. 1970. “Political Trust and Racial Ideology.” American Political Science Review 64 (December): 11991219.Google Scholar
Abramowitz Alan I., and Kyle. S. Saunders. 1998. “Ideological Realignment in the U.S. Electorate.” Journal of Politics 60 (August): 63452.Google Scholar
Ames Barry. 1994. “The Reverse Coattails Effect: Local Party Organization in the 1989 Brazilian Presidential Election.” American Political Science Review 88 (March): 95111.Google Scholar
Apter David E. 1964. Introduction.” In Ideology and Discontent, ed. David E. Apter. New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1546.
Barker David C., and James D. Tinnick III. 2006. “Competing Visions of Parental Roles and Ideological Constraint.” American Political Science Review 100 (May): 24964.Google Scholar
Bawn Kathleen. 1999. “Constructing ‘Us’: Ideology, Coalition Politics, and False Consciousness.” American Journal of Political Science, 43 (April): 30334.Google Scholar
Beard Charles A., and John D. Lewis. 1932. “Representative Government in Evolution.” American Political Science Review 26 (April): 22340.Google Scholar
Bell Daniel. 1960. The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties. New York: Free Press.
Benedict Bertram. 1924. “The Socialist Movement in Great Britain and the United States.” American Political Science Review 18 (May): 27684.Google Scholar
Bendix Reinhard. 1964. “The Age of Ideology,” in David E. Apter (Ed.). Ideology and Discontent, New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
Brady Henry E., and Paul M. Sniderman. 1985. “Attitude Attribution: A Group Basis for Political Reasoning.” American Political Science Review 79 (December): 106178.Google Scholar
Brzezinski Zbigniew. 1956. “Totalitarianism and Rationality.” American Political Science Review 50 (September): 75163.Google Scholar
Campbell Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren Miller, and Donald Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. New York: Wiley.
Cohen Cathy J., and Michael C. Dawson. 1993. “Neighborhood Poverty and African American Politics.” American Political Science Review 87 (June): 286302.Google Scholar
Converse Philip E. 1964. “The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics.” In Ideology and Discontent, ed. David E. Apter. New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 20661.
Converse Philip E. 1971. “Attitudes and Non-Attitudes: Continuation of a Dialogue.” In The Quantitative Analysis of Social Problems, ed. Edward R Tufte. Reading PA: Addison-Wesley, 16889.
Downs Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper.
Enelow James M., and Melvin J. Hinich. 1982. “Ideology, Issues, and the Spatial Theory of Elections.” American Political Science Review 76 (September): 493501.Google Scholar
Erikson Robert S., Gerald C. Wright, and John P. McIver. 1989. “Political Parties, Public Opinion, and State Policy in the United States.” American Political Science Review 83 (September): 72950.Google Scholar
Feldman Stanley. 1988. “Structure and Consistency in Public Opinion: The Role of Core Beliefs and Values.” American Journal of Political Science 32 (May): 41640.Google Scholar
Ferejohn John, and James Kuklinski (eds.). 1990. Information and Democratic Processes. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Free Charles, and Hadley Cantril. 1967. The Political Beliefs of Americans. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Freeden Michael. 2001. “Editorial: What is Special about Ideology.” Journal of Political Ideologies 6 (1): 512.Google Scholar
Geoghagan Vincent. 2004. “Ideology and Utopia.” Journal of Political Ideologies 9 (2): 12338.Google Scholar
Gerring John. 1997. “Ideology: A Definitional Analysis.” Political Research Quarterly 50 (December): 95794.Google Scholar
Hart David. 2002. “Antoine Louis Claude, Comte Destutt de Tracy (1754–1836): Life and Works.” The Library of Economics and Liberty. Liberty Fund. http:www.econlib.org/library/Tracy/DestuttdeTracyBio.html.Google Scholar
Head Brian. 1985. Ideology and Social Science: Destutt de Tracy and French Liberalism. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Herz John H. 1942. “Power Politics and World Organization.” American Political Science Review 36 (December): 103952.Google Scholar
Hetherington Marc J. 2001. “Mass Partisanship: The Role of Elite Polarization.” American Political Science Review 95 (September): 61931.Google Scholar
Huitt Ralph K. 1954. “The Congressional Committee: A Case Study.” American Political Science Review 48 (June): 34065.Google Scholar
Huber John D. 1998. “How Does Cabinet Instability Affect Political Performance? Portfolio Volatility and Health Care Cost Containment in Parliamentary Democracies.” American Political Science Review 92 (September): 57791.Google Scholar
Huntington Samuel P. 1957. “Conservatism as an Ideology.” American Political Science Review 51 (June): 45473.Google Scholar
Jacoby William G. 1995. “The Structure of Ideological Thinking in the American Public.” American Journal of Political Science 39 (May): 31435.Google Scholar
Kinder Donald R. 1983. “Diversity and Complexity in American Public Opinion.” In Political Science: The State of the Discipline, ed. Ada Finifter. Washington, DC: American Political Science Association, 389425.
Kinder Donald R. 2003. “Belief Systems After Converse.” In Electoral Democracy, ed. Michael B. MacKuen and George Rabinowitz. 2003. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press: 1347.
Knight Kathleen. 1999. “Measuring Liberalism and Conservatism.” In Measures of Political Attitudes, ed. John P. Robinson, Phillip R. Shaver and Lawrence S. Wrightsman. New York: Academic Press: 681736.
Lane Robert. 1962. Political Ideology. New York: Free Press.
Laver Michael R. 2005. “Policy and the Dynamics of Political Competition.” American Political Science Review 99 (May): 26382.Google Scholar
Lipset Seymour Martin. 1960. Political Man: The Social Bases. Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
Lijphart Arend. 1963. “The Analysis of Bloc Voting in the General Assembly: A Critique and a Proposal.” American Political Science Review 57 (December): 90217.Google Scholar
Luskin Robert C. 1987. “Measuring Political Sophistication.” American Journal of Political Science 31 (November): 85699.Google Scholar
Layman Geoffrey. 2001. The Great Divide. New York: Columbia University Press.
MacKuen Michael B., and George Rabinowitz, eds. 2003. Electoral Democracy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
MacKuen Michael B., Robert S. Erikson, James A. Stimson, and Kathleen Knight. 2003. “Elections and the Dynamics of Ideological Representation.” In Electoral Democracy, ed. Michael B. MacKuen and George Rabinowitz. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 20037.
Macrae Duncan Jr. 1952. “The Relation Between Roll Call Votes and Constituencies in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.” American Political Science Review 46 (December): 104655.Google Scholar
Mannheim Karl. 1936. Ideology and Utopia. New York: Harcourt Brace.
McClosky Herbert. 1958. “Conservatism and Personality.” American Political Science Review 52 (March): 2745.Google Scholar
Merelman Richard M. 1969. “The Development of Political Ideology: A Framework for the Analysis of Political Socialization.” American Political Science Review 63 (September): 75067.Google Scholar
Minar David W. 1961. “Ideology and Political Behavior.” Midwest Journal of Political Science 5 (November): 31731.Google Scholar
Mullins Willard A. 1972. “On the Concept of Ideology in Political Science.” American Political Science Review 66 (June): 498510.Google Scholar
Nie Norman H., Sidney Verba, and John R. Petrocik. 1979. The Changing American Voter (revised edition). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Poole Keith T., and Howard Rosenthal. 1997. Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll Call Voting. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Przeworski Adam, and Glaucio A.D. Soares. 1971. “Theories in Search of a Curve: A Contextual Interpretation of Left Vote.” American Political Science Review 65 (March): 5168.Google Scholar
Putnam Robert D. 1971. “Studying Elite Political Culture: The Case of ‘Ideology’.” American Political Science Review 65 (September): 65181.Google Scholar
Rappard William E. 1912. “The Initiative and the Referendum in Switzerland.” American Political Science Review 6 (August): 34566.Google Scholar
Rosenberg Milton J., Carl I Hovland, William J. McGuire, Robert P. Ableson, and John W. Brehm. 1960. Attitude Organization and Change: An Analysis of Consistency Among Attitude Components. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sartori Giovanni. 1969. “Politics, Ideology, and Belief Systems.” American Political Science Review 63 (June): 398411.Google Scholar
Schattschneider E. E. 1960. The Semi-Sovereign People. NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Schubert Glendon A. 1958. “The Study of Judicial Decision-Making as an Aspect of Political Behavior.” American Political Science Review 52 (December): 100725.Google Scholar
Segal Jeffrey, and Harold J. Spaeth. 1993. The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Seligman Edwin R.A. 1901. “The Economic Interpretation of History, I.” Political Science Quarterly 16 (December): 61240.Google Scholar
Shepard Walter James. 1920. “The New German Constitution.” American Political Science Review 14 (February): 3452.Google Scholar
Sigelman Lee. 2006. “The Coevolution of American Political Science and the American Political Science Review.” American Political Science Review 100 (November): 46378.Google Scholar
Smith Eric R.A.N. 1989. The Unchanging Voter. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Stewart William Kilborne. 1928. “The Mentors of Mussolini.” American Political Science Review 22 (November): 84369.Google Scholar
Stimson James A. 1975. “Belief System Constraint, Complexity and the 1972 Election.” American Journal of Political Science 19 (August): 393417.Google Scholar
Stimson James A. 1991. Public Opinion: Moods, Cycles and Swings. Boulder CO: Westview Press.
Stimson James A., Michael B. MacKuen and Robert S. Erikson. 1995. “Dynamic Representation.” American Political Science Review 89 (September): 54365.Google Scholar
Wilcox Francis O. 1942. “The Monroe Doctrine and World War II.” American Political Science Review 36 (June): 43353.Google Scholar
Weisberg Herbert F. 1999. “Political Partisanship,” in John P. Robinson, Phillip R. Shaver, and Lawrence S. Wrightsman, eds. Measures of Political Attitudes. NY: Academic Press 681736.