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Mitochondrial DNA characterization of populations of Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) incriminated in the peri-domestic and silvatic transmission of Leishmania species in Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

P.D. Ready ,
J.C. Day ,
A.A. de Souza ,
E.F. Rangel  and
C.R. Davies
P.D. Ready
Affiliation:
Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
J.C. Day
Affiliation:
Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
A.A. de Souza
Affiliation:
Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará State, Brazil
E.F. Rangel
Affiliation:
Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
C.R. Davies
Affiliation:
Medical Parasitology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Abstract

A comparative analysis was performed on 18 mitochondrial DNA sequences, or haplotypes, of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho) isolated by PCR from 28 individual flies originating from 10 Brazilian locations 150–2500 km apart. A phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony indicated support for three to four major lineages (Outgroups were haplotypes of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz & Neiva)). One L. whitmani lineage was found in the Atlantic Forest zone of the North East, including the species' type locality, and is distinct from a second monophyletic group of haplotypes located in the drier interior of Brazil, stretching from the Tropic of Capricorn to Teresina just outside Amazonia. This provides no support for a previous hypothesis that L. whitmani sensu stricto is a single form widely-distributed south of Amazonia, and characterized by derived anthropophilic and synanthropic behavioural traits. The ranges of both lineages include populations incriminated in the peri-domestic transmission of Leishmania braziliensis sensu stricto. A third, Amazonian, group of haplotypes was less well-defined. It appears to consist of two sub-lineages which, like the two Leishmania species associated with them, are strictly silvatic and are separated by the Amazon floodplain. The zoophily of the Amazonian populations was not shown to be an ancestral trait. The geographical distributions of the Brazilian lineages are concordant with the broad patterns of bioclimate believed to have persisted since the late Tertiary period. These findings are part of ongoing research on the behavioural genetics of L. whitmani sensu lato aimed at understanding the evolution and maintenance of peri-domestic transmission of human cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 87 , Issue 2 , April 1997 , pp. 187 - 195
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

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